Ndakhala mu mafakitale agha kwa vyaka khumi na viŵiri, ndipo kuyowoya unenesko, mabuku ghanandi ghakulongozga mabatire gha lithiamu kuwaro uko ghalije ntchito pa visankho vyeneco vya kugura. CC- CV fundo, mphaka ya kutentha, 80% kulipira kwakuzika... mungasanga vyose ivi pa Battery University. Palije fundo yakuti niwerezgepo.
Ivyo nkhukhumba kudumbiskana lero ni mafumbo agho ghakupangiska nadi kuti magulu ghakugula vinthu ghaŵe na mutu:Mo mungasankhiya nkhongono, mo mungayaniska ma charger, nchinthu wuli cho chingaŵikika mwakwenere, ndipuso nyengu yo mwazamuwona ROI.Palije mazgoro ghakumanyikwa, kweni ningagaŵana namwe data yeneco kufuma ku mapulojekiti ghithu na ivyo tabudiska pa nthowa.
Nkhani ya mwaluŵiro: Ndine injiniya wa mapulogalamu ku [zina la kampani likasinthika kuti lileke kuwoneka nga ni malonda], chomenechomene nkhugwira ntchito pa mapulojekiti gha magesi gha magalimoto gha mafakitale ku East na South China. Ndili na maluso ghachoko waka ghakukhwaskana na nyengo yakuzizima ku mpoto, ntheura ivyo nkhuyowoya vingaŵa kuti vikugwira ntchito yayi usange mukusungamo katundu wakuzizima ku Harbin.
Kusankha Nkhongono: Nkhwakusuzga Chomene Kuluska umo Mukughanaghaniranga
Fumbo lakumanyikwa chomene ilo nkhupokera ndakuti "Kasi 400Ah njakukwana?" Ndingazgora yayi mwaluŵiro chifukwa "kwakukwana" kukuthemba pa vyakusintha vinandi chomene.
Pendani dankha nkhongono izo mukugwiliskira ntchito zuŵa lililose. Lekani kujumphizga ichi.
Nkhongono za zuŵa na zuŵa (kWh)=Nkhongono zapakati (kW) × Maora ghakugwilira ntchito (h) × Chigaŵa cha katundu
Katundu wakuthemba pa umo wakugwilira ntchito: ntchito yakupepuka 0.3 ~ 0.4, pakatikati 0.5 ~ 0.6, kulemera 0.7 ~ 0.8. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutimbanizga ivi mwa kugwiliskira nchito nyengo za nkhongono za maora, izo zikupereka manambara 30% + ghapachanya kuluska unenesko.
Chiyezgelelo:2-tani magesi forklift, mphamvu yakupimika 8kW, wakugwira ntchito maora 10 zuŵa lililose, katundu wapakatikati.
Kugwiriskira ncito kwa zuŵa na zuŵa=8 × 10 × 0.55=44kWh
Mu dongosolo la 48V, 44kWh likuyana pafupifupi na 920Ah. Pakuti mukwenera yayi kuseŵezeska pasi pa 20%, nkhongono yakugwiriskira ncito yili pafupifupi 80%, kung’anamura kuti mukukhumbikwira pafupifupi 1150Ah kuti mujumphe zuŵa pa mtengo umoza.
Kweni iyi ni fundo waka.
Mu mapulojekiti ghanenesko, nasanga kuti mphambano pakati pa kugwiriskira ncito kwakuŵerengeka na kwaunenesko kanandi yikuŵa 15% ~ 25%. Vifukwa vikupambana: nkharo ya awo ŵakugwira ntchito, kuseŵera pasi, kusinthasintha kwa kulemera kwa katundu, kugwiliskira ntchito HVAC... Ntheura ivyo nkhukhumba:Sazgilanipo 20% buffer pamanyuma pa kuwerengera mtengo wa theoretical, panji kubwereka ma unit ghachoko waka kwa mwezi umoza wa kuyezga kwa charu cheneko- pakwamba.
Kasi nyengo zose vikuru vikuŵa viwemi? Nchakukhumbikwa yayi.
Chaka chamara kasitomala wakapenda 50kWh zuŵa lililose kweni wakachichizga kugura mabatire gha 1500Ah chifukwa "tingakura ndipo tingakhumbikwira yayi kughasintha pamanyuma." Changuchitika ntchivichi?
Suzgo 1
Batiri yikuru yikasazgapo 60kg, ndipo yikapangiska kuti forklift yigwirenge ntchito pa nkhongono ya fork yakuchepeskeka
Suzgo 2
Nkhongono ya chaja yikeneranga kusintha mwakuyana na umo vikaŵira, kusazgapo ndalama zakusazgirako magesi
Suzgo 3
Bizinesi yikakura yayi. Batiri likakhala nyengo yinandi likuyandama pakati pa 30% ~ 60% SOC, nadi kufulumizga kalendara kuchekura .
Kuwona kwane:Usange bizinesi yasono njakukhazikika, sankhani nkhongono izo zikukwaniska waka ivyo mukukhumba (mtengo wa theoretical + 20% buffer). Usange nchambura kukwana mu vilimika vitatu panji vinkhondi, ŵikanipo nyengo iyo. Ici cingaŵa cakucepa comene kuluska kupanga vinthu vinandi comene pakwamba. Tekinoloje ya mabatire yikusintha mwaluŵiro. "Nkhongono zapachanya" izo mukulipira ndalama za lero zingaŵa katundu-mtengo wake mu vyaka vinkhondi.
Mbunenesko kuti ili ni maghanoghano ghane waka. Usange muli na bajeti, malo ghakuzomerezga, ndipo mukugomezga kuti mukukura, kugura vikuru nako nkhwananga yayi.
Mtengo wakulongosora vyakunozga vyakumanyikwa
Data iyo ili musi umu yikufuma ku mapulojekiti ghithu gha 2024 ~ 2025 ku East China, chomenechomene kufuma ku ŵakugaŵira CATL na EVE. Mitengo yikusintha kotala yiliyose, ntheura ivyo mukuyowoya vingaŵa vyakupambana.
| Kukonzekera | Mtengo wa batire | Chaja | Vinthu vyakukhumbikwa | Gwiliskiranipo Case |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 500Ah Muyezo | ¥48,000 | ¥9,000 | ¥3,000 | Kusintha kamoza,<25kWh/day |
| 700Ah Kukhozgeka | ¥65,000 | ¥12,000 | ¥3,500 | 1.5 kusintha, 25 ~ 35 kWh / zuŵa |
| 1000Ah Yikuru | ¥92,000 | ¥16,000 | ¥6,000 | Kusintha kaŵiri, 35 ~ 50kWh / zuŵa |
| 500Ah × 2 Kusinthana | ¥96,000 | ¥9,000 | ¥8,000 | Nchakuzomerezgeka yayi kupatulapo para chipinda cha batire chakhazikiska |
- Vinthu vyakukhumbikwa vikusazgapo kuŵika malo ghakuchajiramo, makhebo, kusintha kwa mapanelo
- Kusazgapo yayi kukuzga nkhongono ya magesi, iyo yikupambana chomene kufuma pa 0 m’paka pa 100k + .
- Kusintha kwakusinthana kukukhumba vipangizo vyakusinthana vyakusazgikira na ŵanchito; nyengo yitali-yambura kusanga chuma
Kusankha Chaja: Uko Masuzgo Ghanandi Ghakuchitika
Batiri lasankhika, kasi mungatora waka chaja yiliyose? Ichi nchinthu icho ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakubudiska. Pafupifupi 30% ya milandu yakutondeka iyo nachitapo yikaŵa yakukhwaskana na charger-.
Kufanana kwa magesi nkhwambura kusuzga
Mabatire ghose agho ghalembeka kuti "48V" ghangaŵa na magesi ghakupambana chomene ghakumalizgirapo magesi:
| Mtundu wa batire | Maselo | Kumalizga kwa maselo | Kumalizga kwa Pack |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCM Katatu | 13S | 4.2V | 54.6V |
| LFP (Chisulo cha Phosifeti) | 15S | 3.65V | 54.75V |
| LFP (Chisulo cha Phosifeti) | 16S | 3.65V | 58.4V |
15S na 16S LFP magesi ghakusinthana yayi. Ndawona makasitomala ŵakuyezga kusunga ndalama mwakugwiliskira ntchito chaja cha 15S pa mabatire gha 16S. Chakufumapo: kulipirapo yayi kuluska 85% SOC. Kuzgoka kwake nkhwakofya comene: 16S charger pa 15S mabatire yikupangiska kuti charger yiŵe yakujumphizga mwaluŵiro.
Nyengo zose manyani nambala ya maselo pa nyengo yakugula. Voltage yakumanyikwa yekha njakukwana yayi.
Nthowa zakudumbiskana zili zambura kwenelera
Mu fundo, ŵama charger awo ŵali na CAN kuyowoyeskana ŵangachezga na BMS mu nyengo yeneco -, kusintha mwa nkhongono vigaŵa vya charger kuyana na umo batire liliri. Mukuchita:
Ŵanthu ŵakupambanapambana awo ŵakupanga vinthu ŵakugwiliskira ntchito ndondomeko zakupambanapambana. CAN 2.0 yikulongosora waka chigaŵa cha thupi. Ivyo vikuchitika pachanya apa ni vyakuguliska-vyapadera.
Vinthu ivyo nakumana navyo:
- Batiri ya Brand A na chaja ya Brand B: CAN khebo yikulumikizgika, kweni kukhwaska mawoko kukutondeka. Wakamalizga kugwiliskira ntchito nga ni "charger wambura kuyowoya".
- Munthu uyo wakupeleka vinthu wakuti "GB/T 27930 yikukolerana," kweni milimo yakwamba pera ndiyo yikugwira ntchito. Malango ghakusazgikira ghakukhozgeka yayi
- Wakupanga mabatire wakukana kugaŵana mabuku gha ndondomeko, wakuzunura "visisi vya malonda".
Ulongozgi wane:
Usange mukukhumba yayi kupwetekeka na mutu, mugule batire na chaja kufuma ku mtundu umoza, panji mulembe vigomezgo vyakukolerana na malipoti ghakuŵika ntchito kufuma ku awo ŵakupeleka vinthu. Ndalama izo mukusunga pakugura paŵekha zingaŵa kuti zingakwaniska yayi kusanga ndalama zakupangira debugging pamanyuma.
Ivyo vikayowoyeka, usange muli na ŵantchito ŵa magesi awo ŵangakwaniska kuphatikizga protocol ŵekha, kugura mwakupambana kungaponoska 15% ~ 20%.
Mo mungasankhiya malipiro
Nkhufumbika ivi kanandi waka, ntheura ili ni zgoro lane lakukolerana:
| Nkhani | Mtengo wakuzomerezgeka | Manotisi |
|---|---|---|
| Shifiti yimoza, 8+ maora gha usiku wose pa windo la kulipiliska | 0.3C~0.5C | Kuchaja mwakuchedwa nkhwakuzika chomene pa mabatire |
| Shifiti kaŵiri, kulipiliska pa chakurya chamuhanya na usiku | 0.5C~0.8C | Kulinganiza pakati pa liwiro na umoyo utali |
| Kusintha katatu kukulutilira, mipata yichoko waka | 1C | Mwaŵi wakulipiliska vyakuchitika |
| Vyamabuchibuchi | 1.5C | Kugwiriskira ncito nyengo zinyake pera, nkhwakumanyikwa yayi |
Kuchaja mwaluŵiro pachanya pa 1C kukupangiska kuti batire linangike mwaluŵiro, kweni kasi ni vilinga nadi? Unenesko,mafakitale ghandafike pa kuzomerezgana. Data ya labotale ya ŵamalonda ŵanyake yikulongora kuti pali mphambano yichoko waka, kweni mu mapulojekiti ghithu ghanenesko tawona pafupifupi 1% ~ 1.5% kunangika kwa chaka na chaka pa 1C yakukhalilira pakuyaniska na 0.5C. Kukura kwa sampulo kucali kwakucepa; torani ichi nga ni chimanyikwiro pera.
ROI: Mungapusikika yayi na Manambara Ghawemi
Kusanda kwa ROI kwa batire la lithiamu pa Intaneti kanandi kukuwoneka kutowa: kulipira kwa myezi 28, kusunga ndalama za X pa vyaka 5... Kuyezga, kweni mapulojekiti ghanenesko ghakukwaniska yayi kukwaniska vyose ivyo vikuwoneka.
Apa pali nkhani yeneco, kusazgapo ivyo vikabudika .
2023, malo ghakusungiramo vinthu vyakugwiriskira nchito pa nyumba ku South China, magalimoto 40 ghakufika ghakusintha kufuma ku lead-asidi ku lithiamu. Mawerengero ghithu gha pambere - pulojekiti yindachitike:
Lead Yakwamba-Mtengo wa Batiri ya Asidi Pachaka
| Chithu | Mtengo wa pachaka (¥) |
|---|---|
| Kuchepa kwa mtengo wa batire (umoyo wa vyaka vitatu) | 480,000 |
| Kuchepa kwa mtengo wa batire | 480,000 |
| Malipiro gha awo ŵakusinthana na mabatire (ŵanthu ŵaŵiri) | 168,000 |
| Kunozga mabatire | 42,000 |
| Renti ya chipinda cha mabatire (40m2) | 48,000 |
| Vyose pamoza | 1,218,000 / chaka |
Lithium Solution Ndalama za Pachaka (Kuwonekera)
| Chithu | Mtengo wa pachaka (¥) |
|---|---|
| Kuchepa kwa mtengo wa batire (umoyo wa vyaka 8) | 310,000 |
| Mabatire ghakusungamo ghakukhumbikwa | 0 |
| Ŵantchito ŵakusinthana mabatire ŵakukhumbikwa | 0 |
| Ndalama zakunozga | 8,000 |
| Vyose pamoza | 318,000 / chaka |
Ivyo vikachitika nadi:
Mwezi 8:
Ŵakasanga kuti ma forklift 5 ghakaŵa na nkhongono yakugwiriskira ncito comene kuluska umo ŵakaghanaghaniranga (dongosolo la kukhozga ŵakwendeska galimoto ndilo likapangiska ici). Mabatire agha ghakananga mpaka pa 82% pa mwezi wa 14, kaŵiri kuluska umo ŵakaghanaghaniranga .
Mwezi 11:
Munthu uyo wakagwiranga ntchito usiku wakapulikiskanga yayi ndondomeko, wakaŵika forklift yakuzizima pambere yindatentheme . 2 mabatire ghakaŵa na alamu ya BMS
Mwezi 16:
Mainboard yimoza ya chaja yikatondeka. Wakalindilira mazuŵa 28 kuti ŵasange vigaŵa vyakufuma ku vyaru vinyake. Forklift iyo yikaŵa kuti yamara pafupifupi mwezi umoza .
Mwezi 20:
Kuwoneseskamo kukalongora kuti ndalama izo zikasungika zikaŵa pafupifupi 25% pasi pa ivyo vikaghanaghaniranga, chomenechomene chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo ya magesi ndiposo vipangizo vinyake vikafika yayi pa ivyo vikakhumbikwiranga kugwiriskira ntchito .
Kulipira kwenikweni: myezi 23,Myezi 9 yitali kuluska myezi 14 iyo yikaghanaghanirika.
Iyi yikaŵa nadi ntchito yakunozga. Nawona vinthu viheni chomene: mwamabuchibuchi bizinesi yikukhira ndipo vipangizo vikukhala waka vyambura ntchito, panji suzgo la mtundu wa mabatire ilo likukhumbikwira kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵawelere ku fakitare...
Ivyo nkhuyowoya ni ivi:
Mawerengero gha ROI gha awo ŵakupeleka vinthu kanandi ghakuŵa ghawemi chomene -. Muzenge bajeti yinu pa 70% ya ivyo ŵakughanaghana. Usange 70% yikugwira ntchito kwa imwe, pulojekiti iyi yikwenera kuti njakukhora.
Kulipira Kwakuzizima: Kughanaghanira Kwapadera Kwa Kusunga Kwakuzizima
Palije kulipira pasi pa 0℃ni chimanyisko chakwamba icho nizamulongosora yayi. Ivyo nkhukhumba kudumbiskana ni fumbo lakukhumbikwa la vyakuchitika vyakusungirako vyakuzizima:Kasi pajumpha nyengo yitali wuli para batire lafuma mu malo ghakuzizima pambere lindaŵe na charge?
Palije zgoro lakumanyikwa, chifukwa liwiro la warm-likuthemba pa:
- Ulu wa batire (100kg vs 300kg ukupangiska mphambano yikuru)
- Vinthu vyakuŵikamo (aluminiyamu wakutenthemeska mwaluwiro kuluska pulasitiki)
- Kutentha kwa malo na mphepo
- Kasi dongosolo lakutenthemeska laŵikika
Tikayezganga batire la 400Ah/220kg (la chinsinsi cha mtundu wapadera) ilo likafuma pa -18℃kufika pa 25℃mu nyumba:
| Nyengo | Temp yapakati | Temp ya pa charu chapasi | Kasi vikulipirika? |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0min | -18 digiri | -18 digiri | ✗ |
| Mminiti 60 | -12 digiri | -4 digiri | ✗ |
| Mminiti 120 | -6 digiri | +8 digiri | ✗ |
| Mphindi 180 | +1 digiri | +16 digiri | ✗ (kusendelera pa mzere) |
| Mminiti 210 | +5 digiri | +19 digiri | ✓ (kuchedwa kulipira OK) |
Ziŵani kuti: Kutentha kwa pakatikati kufuma ku sensor ya mukati, kutentha kwa pa charu chapasi kwizira mu thermometer ya IR
Wonani mphambano pakati pa kutentha kwa mtima na kwa pa charu.Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhwaska chikwama cha batire, ŵakughanaghana kuti "kuzizimaso yayi," kweni mukati mungaŵa kuti muchali pasi pa kuzizima. BMS kanandi yikuŵazga kutentha kwa pakati, ntheura mukupokera "kutentha kuwaro kweni kukulipira yayi" vinthu. Ichi nchivikiliro chakwenelera. Lekani kucijumphizga.
Kasi nchakwenelera kuŵika dongosolo la kutenthemeska?
Ma module gha BMS agho ghali na nkhongono yakutenthemeska ghakusazgapo pafupifupi ¥4,000 ~ ¥6,000 (ghakupambana chomene na mtundu). Chakwenelera?
Lamulo lane la chiŵerengero:
Usange vipangizo vinu vikunjira na kufuma mu malo ghakuzizima kanandi waka pa zuŵa, viŵikeni. Usange nyengo zinyake pera, mungachitanga nthena yayi.
Na kutentha, nyengo yakutenthemera yikukhira kufuma pa maora 3 ~ 4 kufika pa mphindi 30 ~ 40. Pa ¥80/ora mtengo wakugwira ntchito, kusunga maora ghaŵiri zuŵa lililose kukung’anamura ¥160. Pa nyengo ya chiwuvi (mazuŵa 120), ndiyo ¥19,200 yakuponoskeka. Kubwezereska ndalama pafupifupi myezi 3.
Kweni usange vipangizo vikunjira mu malo ghakuzizima mwakusoŵa, mungasuzgikanga yayi. Mungaseŵezeska nthowa zapasi: ŵikanipo "malo ghakutenthemera" pa nyengo yakuzizima, yimanipo kwa theka la ora apo batire likuyambiska alamu yakuzizima pambere mundaŵikepo magesi. Nchakusuzga, kweni nchambura kulipiliska.
Mafumbo Agho Nawo Nindamanye
Pa nyengo iyi, nkhukhumba kuyowoya mwakugomezgeka mafumbo ghanyake agho nilije mazgoro ghakukhozga:
1. Kasi umoyo weneco wa mabatire gha LFP ni wuli?
Mazgu gha ŵakupanga kanandi ghakulongora 3000 ~ 6000 mzere, ŵanyake nanga ni 8000. Kweni ndivyo vikuchitika mu labotale: 25℃nyengo zose kutentha, 0.5C kulipira / kutulutsa, 80% DoD. Malo ghanadi gha mafakitale ghali na kusintha kwa kutentha, mitengo ya malipiro ghambura kukhazikika, DoD kanandi yikujumpha 80%... Kasi ni peresenti wuli ya data ya labotale iyo yikung’anamura ku umoyo weneco-wa pa caru cose? Ntchito yithu yitali chomene-yikulondezgeka ni vyaka 5 pera, kukula kwa chiyelezgero nkhwakukwana yayi. Tingapereka yayi vigaŵa vyakugomezgeka pa nyengo iyi.
2. Kasi kulipira mwaŵi kukufupikiska nadi umoyo?
Theoretically, mabatire gha lithiamu ghakupenda mzere mwakuyana, ntheura mwaŵi wakulipiliska ukwenera yayi kupangiska kunangika kwakusazgikira. Kweni kafukufuku munyake wakulongora kuti kuzungulira kwakucepa pafupipafupi kukupangiska kuti kukura kwa SEI layer kuŵe kwaluŵiro... Academia yichali kugazgana pa nkhani iyi. Ivyo ningayowoya ni vyakufuma pa ivyo tikumanya pa ntchito yithu yichoko waka,tindawonepo vyakuchitika viheni vyakuwonekerathu m’paka sono.
3. Kasi msika wa mabatire gha lithiamu ghakugwiriskira nchito uzamuŵa wuli?
Pasono palije msika wakukhwima wa mabatire gha lithiamu gha mafakitale. Mabatire agho ghali kupumura ghakuluta ku mapulogalamu gha umoyo wachiŵiri panji kuseŵezeskekaso. Kweni apo mtundu wakwamba ukuru wa mabatire gha lithiamu gha mafakitale ukumba kupumura, msika uwu ungawoneka. Usange mabatire gha lithiamu agho ghagwiliskirika nchito ghakuguliskika pa mtengo wa 30% wa ghaphya mu vilimika vinkhondi, ndondomeko ya kulipira ndalama za mabatire gha umoyo utali-sono yikukhumbikwira kuwoneseskaso.
Nkhuŵavya mazgoro gha mafumbo agha. Kuŵaŵika waka chimanyikwiro kuti muwone kuti palije chigomezgo mu ndondomeko ya nyengo yitali-.
Maghanoghano Ghaumaliro
Usange mukuchita kafukufuku wakwamba wakukhwaskana na kugura mabatire gha lithiamu, fundo zane:
- Mumanye dankha ivyo mukukhumba: Kugwiriskira ncito kwa zuŵa na zuŵa, kulipira mawindo, malo ghakugwilira nchito. Pimani panji kupenda vinthu ivi mwekha; Lekani kugomezga chomene malo ghakuguliskirapo
- Penjani makoteshoni kufuma ku ŵakupeleka vinthu 2~3: Yezgelerani mitengo pera yayi, kweni ivyo mukukhumba kupanga, mazgu gha chigomezgo, na zgoro la pamanyuma pa-kuguliska
- Fumbani vyakuyana waka- vyakulongosora vya mafakitale: Ntchiwemi usange mungaluta pa-site na kuyowoya na awo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito nadi vya ivyo vikuchitika nadi
- Kuchepeska ROI kuwoneska na 30%: Manambala ya ŵakupeleka kanandi ghakuŵa ghawemi-case. Jipelekani mphaka
Usange muli na mafumbo ghakudunjika agho mukukhumba kudumbiskana, lembanipo. Nizamuzgora para naŵawona. Mafumbo ghakukhwaskana na vyakukhozgera vya brand yinyake panji mazgu ghakuyowoyeka nizamuzgora yayi pakweru; tumirani uthenga wa paŵekha.
Mazgu agho ghakuyowoyeka ghakwimira waka ivyo munthu wakukumana navyo ndipo ghakupereka ulongozgi wakukhwaskana na kugura vinthu yayi. Data yikufuma ku 2024 ~ 2025 mapulojekiti gha ku East China; vigaŵa vinyake vingaŵa vyakupambana.
