Kasi Mabatiri Gha Lithium Ion Ghali Na Vichi?

NaJake Morrison, Mulembi wa Vinthu vyakupangika na Vipangizo|Sarah Cheni|Mike Patterson
Kusindikizgika:Feb 8, 2025

Pafupifupi chilichose icho chikuŵikikaso magesi mazuŵa ghano chikugwira ntchito na mabatire gha lithiamu ion. Foni yinu, nchakuwonekerathu. Laputopu. Ma earbuds ghambura waya agho mukwenera kuti mukuvwara sono. Luso ili likayamba mu 1991 apo Sony wakaguliska maselo ghakwamba gha lithiamu ion ghakupangira makamera, ndipo ghakurya mu chigaŵa chilichose cha katundu kufuma nyengo iyo.

Ŵanthu ŵakufumba kuti "nchivichi icho chili na mabatire gha lithiamu ion" ŵakulindilira mndandanda wakusuzga yayi, kweni zgoro leneko ndakuti: lutani mukawone nyumba yinu. Pendani vipangizo vyakuŵika magesi. Ndiyo zgoro linu.

Mabatire agha ghakusunga nkhongono mwa kunyamura ma ayoni gha lithiamu kuwelera na kuwelera pakati pa ma electrode ghaŵiri -anode ku cathode para ghakufumiska, kuzgoka para mwaghaŵika mu magesi.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Vifukwa vitatu. Nkhongono zakuchuluka zikumenya chilichose. Selo ya lithiamu ion yikunyamura maora 150 ({3}}250 watt pa kilogalamu yiliyose. Yezgelerani kuti na nikele-kadmiyamu pa panji 40-60 Wh / kg. Nanga nkhuŵa pafupi yayi.

Chachiŵiri, palije nkhongono ya kukumbukira. Kumbukani mafoni ghakale ghambura cord apo mukeneranga kuwuskapo batire lose panji linga "kuluwa" nkhongono zake zose? Lithium ion yikuchita nthena yayi. Charge iyo nyengo yiliyose. Chachitatu, kujifumiska pachoko -kujifumiska -ŵakusunga msonkho wawo ŵakukhala pa mashelufu, ŵakutaya panji 2-3% pa mwezi pakuyaniska na 20% ya mabatire gha NiMH.

Mtengo nawo ukakhira. Mu '90s mabatire agha ghakaŵa ghakudura chomene mwakuti magesi ghapachanya pera ndigho ghakagwiliskiranga ntchito. Sono iwo mbakuchepa mtengo mwakukwana kwa madola sitoro USB charger. Nakuti, vyakutchipavyakwana-kuchali kwakudura chomene kuluska alkaline, kweni kubwezereska kukulipira mwaluŵiro.

Mafoni ghamakono ghakulongozga gulu. iPhone 15 Pro ili na batire la 3,274 mAh. Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra yikuluta kukuru pa 5,000 mAh. Foni yiliyose kufuma pa madola 50 ghakulipilika pakwamba mpaka pa madola 1,500 ghakugwiriskira ncito lithiamu ion -kanandi lithiamu cobalt oxide (LCO) kemiko cifukwa yikupangiska kuti nkhongono ziŵe zinandi mu malo ghakukhozga.

Ma laputopu ghakugwiliskira ntchito mabatire ghakuru, chomenechomene 50-80 Wh ku ultrabooks, mpaka 100 Wh ku malo ghakugwilira ntchito. Kuyowoya unenesko, 100 Wh ndiyo yikuzomerezgeka na dango kuti munthu wanyamure mabatire mu ndege kwambura kuzomerezgeka mwapadera, ndicho chifukwa chake awo ŵakupanga malaputopu ŵakuŵika chomene mtima pa nambara iyi. FAA yikaŵika dango ili pamanyuma pakuti mabatire ghanyake gha lithiamu ghawotcheka pa ndege mu vilimika vya m'ma 2000.

Mapiritsi ghakuwira pakati pa-iPad Pro ili na pafupifupi 40 Wh. Pepala lituŵa la Kindle? Batiri yichoko ya 6 Wh iyo yikukhala masabata ghanandi chifukwa e-ink yikulongora nkhongono ya sip.

Ndipo pali vinthu vinyake vyose. Mbeŵa zambura waya na makiyibodi (kanandi maselo gha lithiamu ion ghakuyana na AAA-). Ma speaker gha Bluetooth -JBL, Makutu Ghakumaliya, Bose, ghose gha lithiamu. Ŵakulongozga maseŵero. Mawotchi ghamahara. Ŵanthu awo ŵakulondezga thupi. Makamera ghakuvikilira ghambura waya. Mabelu gha pa mulyango gha pa vidiyo. Mabulashi gha mino gha magesi. Mndandanda wa Oral-B iO ukugwiriskira ncito batire la lithiamu liwemi kwa masabata ghaŵiri pakati pa kulipira.

AirPods Pro ili na 1.98 Wh ya nkhongono ya batire yakusazgika pakati pa makutu na chikwama. Ivyo vikuwoneka nga ni vinandi yayi mpaka apo mumanye kuti ŵakupereka nkhongono ku kuwuskapo phokoso, kupanga mazgu gha mu malo, na kulumikizgana kwambura waya kwa maora ghanandi.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Magalimoto gha magesi ghakasintha chomene sikelo. Tesla Model 3 Long Range yikunyamura mabatire gha 75 kWh agho ghakukwana maora 75,000, panji pafupifupi mabatire gha mafoni ghakukwana 1,500. Batiri pera likulemera pafupifupi mapaundi 1,000.

Ma EV ghanandi ghakugwiriskira ncito kemiko ya nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) panji lithiamu iron phosphate (LFP) m’malo mwa maselo ghakuzirwa gha cobalt - mu mafoni. NMC yikupereka nkhongono ziwemi na kukhazikika makora kwa kutentha. LFP ndiyo yikuvikilirika ndipo yikukhala nyengo yitali-BYD na Tesla wose ŵakugwiliskira ntchito LFP pa viyerezgero vya mtundu wakumanyikwa sono. Trade-off ni nkhongono zichoko, ntheura mukukhumba maselo ghanandi ghakuyana waka.

Ford F-150 Leza ili na 131 kWh yakusangika. Rivian R1T wakuluta ku 135 kWh mu kukhazikika kwa Max Pack. Lucid Air Dream Range wakuti 112 kWh ndipo wakupokera mtunda wa mamailosi ghakujumpha 500 gha EPA chifukwa magalimoto ghawo na magesi ghakugwira ntchito makora.

Njinga za magesi zikukura chomene. Njinga za Rad Nkhongono zikugwiriskira ncito mapaketi gha 48V 14Ah (672 Wh). Njinga zapachanya kufuma ku Specialized panji Trek zikuchimbira mabatire gha 500 Wh. E -masikuta ni ghachoko-Xiaomi M365 wakugwiriskira nchito 280 Wh, Masikuta ghakubwereka gha Bird na Lime ghakuchimbira nkhongono zakuyana waka.

Njinga zamoto za magesi zichali niche kweni zikukura. Zero Njinga zamoto SR / F ili na batire la 14.4 kWh. Nkhongono Ego + yikukankhira 21.5 kWh. Kukwana yayi kwa maulendo ghatali gha pamsewu ukuru pakali pano, kweni kufikako.

Maboti nagho ghakwiza. Boti la magesi la X Shore Eelex 8000 likugwira ntchito na batire la 125 kWh. Boti la Candela C-8 la hydrofoil likugwiriskira ncito 44 kWh ndipo "likuwuluka" pacanya pa maji kuti licepeske kukoka. Boti la Arc Sport la magesi la wakeboard likaŵa pa $ 300,000 nyengo yaumaliro iyo nkhawonera.

Kusintha uku kukachitika mwaluŵiro. Vilimika 20 ivyo vyajumpha, ŵakontrakitala ŵankhongono ŵakasekanga viwiya vyambura nthambo. Mwahuno? Milwaukee, DeWalt, Makita, Bosch wose ŵali kuluta ku lithiamu.

Nthowa ya DeWalt ya FlexVolt yikuchitika 20V panji 60V kuyana na chida. Pulatifomu ya M18 ya Milwaukee ili na vipangizo vyakujumpha 200 ivyo vikugaŵana ndondomeko yimoza ya mabatire. Mabatire ghawo gha High Output ghakaŵa na nkhongono ya 12 Ah - yakukwana kuti ghayendeske saw yakuzungulira kwizira mu kudumura kwakukwana.

Vipangizo vya magesi vya kuwaro vikalondezgapo. Ego Nkhongono Plus yikupanga mabatire ghakuchekera utheka mwakugwiliskira ntchito paketi ya 56V 7.5 Ah (420 Wh). Ma trimmer ghawo gha vingwe, vyakuwuska mahamba, nanga ni vyakuwuska sinowo vikugwira ntchito pa pulatifomu yimoza ya mabatire. Ryobi ili na dongosolo la 40V. Greenworks wakupereka 60V na 80V vyakusankha vya vipangizo vikuru.

Roboti yakuwuskamo mphepo na yakudumura utheka yikugwiliskira ntchito mabatire ghachokoghachoko chifukwa yikujiŵikira magesi. Roomba j 7+ ili na pafupifupi 60 Wh. Husqvarna Mower wakugwiliskira ntchito 18V lithiamu ion, nkhongono zikupambana kuyana na mtundu.

Vipangizo vyaluso vikulutilira kukura. Milwaukee wakupanga batire la thumba ilo likupereka 300 Wh kuti ligwiriskirenge nchito vipangizo vinandi pa malo gha nchito. Stihl wakupereka chainsaws za mabatire zakukwana zakugwira ntchito za makuni gha malonda.

Makina ghakunyamulika ghakupokera mphepo ghakukhumbikwa chomene ku ŵanthu awo ŵali na suzgo la kupuma. Inogen One G5 yikugwiriskira ncito batire la lithiamu ion ilo likupereka maora 3-6 ghakugwira nchito mwakuyana na umo maji ghakucitikira. Phillips Respironics Kuluta waka Mini kukukhumba pafupifupi maora 4.5.

Makina gha CPAP ghakugona ghakupereka chomene vyakusankha vya mabatire. ResMed AirMini ulendo CPAP ungachimbira kunja kwa mabatire gha lithiamu. Nchakuzirwa pa kuzenga misasa panji kuzima kwa magesi.

Sonosono apa vyakovwira kupulika vikasintha na kuŵa na lithiamu wakuchajika. Phonak Audeo Paradiso wakulipiliska usiku wose ndipo wakuchitika maora 16+. Starkey Kusintha AI ntchito yakuyana waka. Ntchiwemi chomene kuluska kuseŵera na maselo ghachokoghachoko gha zinc-air button mazuŵa ghachoko waka.

Vipangizo vyakuwonera vyaumoyo-vyakuwonera msinkhu wa ndopa, vyakuwonera shuga, vipangizo vyakunyamulika vya ECG-vinandi sono vikuŵikikaso magesi. AliveCor KardiaMobile wakulemba ma ECG pa foni, wakuchitika pa selo yichoko ya lithiamu iyo yikukhala myezi yinandi.

Mapompu ghakuŵikamo ndopa, vipangizo vyakuchitira opareshoni, vipangizo vyakumanyira nthenda ivyo vikugwiriskirika nchito mu vipatala-mabatire ghanandi ghakusungirako lithiamu ion panji vyakusankha vya magesi ghakunyamulika. Vipangizo vya magesi vya opareshoni vya Stryker System 8 vikugwiriskira ncito mabatire gha lithiamu ion, ghakujalirika kwambura kubaba kuti ghagwiriskike ncito mu cipinda ca opareshoni.

Vipangizo vyakuŵikika mu thupi ni gulu lakupambana chomene. Ma pacemaker ghanyake ghaphya ghakugwiriskira ncito mabatire gha lithiamu ion agho ghakuŵikikaso magesi mu khungu (kwizira mu khungu) mwakugwiliskira ncito induction. Medtronic ili na mitundu iyo batire likupokera magesi kwambura waya kamoza pa sabata m’malo mwa kukhumbikwira kusintha kwa opaleshoni pa vyaka 7-10 vyose.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Tesla Powerwall 2 wakusunga 13.5 kWh, wakuguliska pafupifupi $ 11,000 kuŵikika. Powerwall 3 wakafuma sonosono apa na kuphatikizgika makora. Generac PWRcell wakupereka ndondomeko za 9-18 kWh. LG Chem RESU yikuluta ku 10-16 kWh kutengera kukhazikika.

Mabatire agha gha panyumba ghakukolerana na mapanelo gha zuŵa-ghakusunga magesi ghanandi muhanya, ghagwiliskirikenge ntchito usiku. Kweniso perekani backup pa nyengo ya kuzima usange mwaŵika makora. Ni ndondomeko zose yayi izo zikugwira ntchito pa nyengo iyo magesi ghakuzima; vikuthemba pa kukhazikika kwa inverter.

California yikuzomerezga kuti zuŵa liŵe pa nyumba ziphya, ntheura kuzomerezga mabatire kukuchitika mwaluŵiro kwenekuko. Hawaii ili na magesi ghakudula chomene pamoza na zuŵa linandi, kupangiska kuti zuŵa + kusunga vyachuma vigwirenge ntchito makora. Texas wakatondeka mu 2021 ivyo vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe na chidwi na mabatire gha pa nyumba.

Kuŵika malonda kukuluta kukuru chomene. Sitolo ya vyakurya yingaŵika mabatire gha 50-100 kWh kuti ghalongozgeke pa ivyo vikukhumbikwa. Malo ghakusungirako data ghakugwiriskira ncito vipinda vya mabatire vya megawatt kuti viŵe na nkhongono zakusungirako, kusintha panji kusazgirako magesi gha dizilo.

Sikelo ya utility ndiyo yikuthengere. Malo ghakusungirako nkhongono gha Moss Landing ku California ghali na 3,000 MWh ya nkhongono-iyo ni maora gha kilowatt 3 miliyoni-, panji ghakukwana kuti ghapeleke nkhongono ku nyumba pafupifupi 225,000 kwa maora ghanandi. Iwo ukugwiliskira nchito mayuniti gha Tesla Megapack, chilichose chikuŵa na chiŵiya chakutumizgirako katundu-kukura kwa batire la 3 MWh.

Malo ghakusungirako magesi gha Hornsdale gha ku Australia ghakaŵa ghamoza mwa mabatire ghakuru ghakwamba gha gridi, agho ghakapangika na Tesla mu 2017 pa 150 MWh. Likusazgikira kufuma nyengo iyo. Ndondomeko izi zikukhozga pafupipafupi kwa gridi, kusunga nkhongono zakuzgoŵezgeka, kuchepeska kukhumbikwa kwa vyakumera vya gasi la chilengiwa.

UPS (magetsi ghambura kugaŵikana) ndondomeko iyo yikugwiriskira nchito mabatire gha lead-asidi. Kulemera, kukakhumbikwiranga kusintha pa vyaka 3-5 vyose, kukaŵanga na vinthu vyakofya. Nthowa za UPS za lithiamu ion kufuma ku APC, Eaton, Vertiv zikukhala nyengo yitali, zikutora malo ghachoko, zikulemera vichoko. Malo ghakusungamo data chomenechomene nga ni agha-kuchepeska kulemera kukung’anamura katundu wakuchepa mu nyumba.

Ma drone na ma quadcopter-DJI yikulamulira msika uwu. Ma drone ghawo ghakugwiliskira ntchito mabatire gha lithiamu polima (LiPo), agho ghakupangika na lithiamu ion ndipo ghali na magesi gha polima. DJI Mini 3 Pro yikugwiriskira ncito batire la 2453 mAh kwa mphindi pafupifupi 34 za nyengo ya ndege. Ma drone ghakuru nga ni Inspire 2 ghakunyamura mabatire ghaŵiri ghakukwana 98 Wh.

Ma drone ghakumanyikwa ghakupima, kuwoneseska, kupeleka-wose ŵakugwiliskira ntchito mabatire gha lithiamu. Ma drone ghakupelekera vyaumoyo gha Zipline ku Africa ghakugwiriskira nchito lithiamu ion. Viyezgelero vya drone vyakupelekera vya Amazon vikugwiriskira ncito.

Mapulogalamu gha ndege ghakukura. Ndege za magesi zikwiza. Pipistrel Velis Electro ili na mabatire gha lithiamu-ndege yakwamba ya magesi yose iyo yikazomerezgeka kusambizga ndege ku Europe. Beta Technologies na Joby Aviation ŵakupanga matakisi gha magesi agho ghakugwira ntchito na mabatire ghakuru gha lithiamu.

Ma satellite na ndege za mu mlengalenga vikugwiriskira ncito mabatire ghapadera gha lithiamu ion agho ghapangika kuti ghaleke kuŵa na mphepo, kuŵala, na kutentha comene. Siteshoni ya mlengalenga ya pa charu chose yili na mabatire gha lithiamu ion agho ghakunjilirapo pa maselo ghakale gha nickel-hydrogen. Chigaŵa chilichose cha batire chikulemera mapaundi 400+.

Vipangizo vya nkhondo-magalasi ghakuwonera usiku, mawailesi ghakuwonera, ma GPS, ghose ghakugwira ntchito na mabatire gha lithiamu sono. Nkhongono ziwemi zikukhumbikwa chomene para ŵasilikari ŵakunyamura viwiya kwa mazuŵa ghanandi. Wayilesi ya AN/PRC-163 yikugwiriskira ncito mabatire gha lithiamu ion agho ghakuŵikikaso magesi.

Makamera na vithuzithuzi -makamera ghambura gilasi ghakufuma ku Sony, Canon, Nikon ghose gha lithiamu ion. Sony A7 IV yikugwiriskira ncito mabatire gha NP -FZ100 pa 16.4 Wh yiliyose. Kuŵala kwa ŵasambizgi -Aputure 300d LED magesi ghakugwira ntchito pa V -kuŵika mabatire gha lithiamu (98 Wh kukula kwakuzomerezgeka). Ma maikolofoni ghambura waya, mavidiyo ghakuwonelera, chilichose chakunyamulika mu kupanga mafilimu / vithuzithuzi.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Vinthu viphya ivyo vikugwira ntchito na batire-kanandi vikuŵa na Bluetooth panji Wi-Fi. Mungawona umo batire liliri pa foni yinu. Vipangizo vya magesi vya Ego vikulongora mlingo wa malipiro mu pulogiramu. Ryobi zipangizo nazo. Tesla wakumovwirani kuti muwonelerenge batire la galimoto yinu na kuchaja kutali.

Nthowa zakulongozgera mabatire gha vinjeru (BMS) zikuchita ntchito yinandi. Iwo ŵakulinganiska magesi gha maselo-mu paketi ya maselo ghanandi, maselo ghakupatukana pakujumpha kwa nyengo, BMS yikuŵalinganiska. Iwo ŵakuwoneseska kutentha, kuteteza kuŵika magesi ghanandi na kuŵika magesi ghanandi, kupharazgira chipangizo umo vinthu viliri.

Vinyake ivyo vikukolerana vikuwoneka nga ni gimmicky, kweni kuwonelera kutali kwa vipangizo vyakudura nkhwakupulikikwa. Ŵanthu awo ŵakuzenga ŵangamanya kuti ni mabatire wuli agho ghakukhumbikwira kuchaja. Ŵanthu awo ŵakusunga magesi pa nyumba ŵangawona umo zuŵa likupangikira na umo mabatire ghakuŵira apo ŵali paulendo.

Nkhaŵa za chitetezo zilipo nangauli. Firmware ya batire yikukhumbikwira kusintha nyengo zinyake. Usange nthowa yakudumbiskana iyo njambura kuvikilirika makora, yingaŵa yakusuzgika. Ŵanthu ŵanandi yayi ŵakukhwaska mabatire, kweni mu fundo vingachitika.

Ŵanthu ŵakukumana na mabatire gha lithiamu nyengo zose kwambura kughanaghanirapo. Burashi wa mino wa magesi mu bafa. Vacuum wambura nthambo (Dyson V15 ili na 70 Wh). Tochi yakuchajikaso. Anker wakupanga mitundu kufuma pa 10,000 mAh (37 Wh) mpaka 25,000 mAh (90 Wh).

Matoyi gha ŵana ghakuŵikikaso magesi. Magalimoto ghakulongozgeka na remote, vyakuseŵereska vyakuwala-, vyakusambilira vya magesi. Kumenya kugula mabatire gha alkaline nyengo zose.

Vipangizo vya panyumba vyamahara-Belu wa pa mulyango wa vidiyo wali na batire la lithiamu ilo lingafumiskikapo. Makamera ghakuvikilira gha Arlo ghakugwiriskira ncito mabatire ghakukhozgaso agho ghakukhala myezi yinandi. Ma thermostat gha Google Nest ghali na mabatire gha lithiamu ghakusungika. Maloko ghanzeru gha Ogasiti ghakuchitika pa lithiamu AAs.

Mawaya gha holide ghakuluta ku rechargeable nawo. Mawaya ghakupangika na chingwe ghakupangika-mu mabatire na mapanelo gha zuŵa. Makandulo gha LED ghakuchajika. Vinthu vyakukongozga.

Milandu yakugwiriskira ncito ŵaluso yikupambana comene. Ŵantchito ŵakuzenga ŵakusinthana mabatire gha Milwaukee panji DeWalt zuŵa lose. Ma forklift gha mu nyumba yakusungiramo katundu ghakuŵika mabatire gha lithiamu ion pa nyengo ya kupumura-Mphindi 15 zakuchajira zikuluska maora ghakulindilira kuti mabatire gha lead-acid ghachajike.

Kuzomerezgeka kwa vipangizo vya ulimi kukuchedwa kweni kukuchitika. John Deere wakuyezga matrakita gha magesi. Ma roboti ghakulima ghakujiyimira paŵekha kanandi gha magesi. Nthowa zakuthilira na kusunga mabatire.

Mafakitale ghakutozga ghakazomera lithiamu. Ŵanthu awo ŵakuchapa pasi, ŵakufumiska makapeti, ŵakuchapa vya malonda-makampani nga ni Tennant na Karcher ŵakupereka vyakusankha vya lithiamu. Kuchaja mwaluwiro, kulemera kwakupepuka, palije kunozga mabatire ghakuthilira nga ni ndondomeko yakale ya lead-acid iyo yikukhumbikwa.

Mabatire ghakunangika. Chemistry yikukhalilira kwamuyirayira yayi. Batiri la lithiamu ion likusunga nkhongono za 80% para laŵikika pa 500-1000, kuyana na umo likupangikira na umo likugwiriskikira nchito. Tesla wakugomezga kuti mabatire ghawo gha EV ghazamusunga 70% pa vyaka 8 / 100,000-150,000 mamailosi kuyana na mtundu.

Kutentha kukukoma mabatire mwaluŵiro kuluska chilichose. Kutentha chomenechomene kuheni-kusunga panji kugwiliskira ntchito mabatire ghakujumpha 30℃(86℃F) nyengo zose kukupangiska kuti vinthu vinangike mwaluŵiro. Kuzizima kukuchepeska nkhongono za nyengo yichoko waka kweni kukunanga yayi kwamuyirayira nga umo kutentha kukuchitira. Ichi ndicho chifukwa chake mabatire gha Phoenix EV ghakunangika mwaluŵiro kuluska mabatire gha Seattle.

Kucekura kwa kalendara nako nkhwaunenesko. Mabatire ghakunangika nanga ghangakhala kwambura kugwiliskira ntchito. Muŵasungire pa 40-50% charge mu malo ghakuzizima kuti ŵakhale nyengo yitali. Kusunga batire pa 100% charge na 40℃kwa nyengo yitali nkhwananga chomene.

Vyakuchitika vya chivikiliro vikuchitika viŵi yayi kweni vikupanga nkhani para vyachitika. Kupanga vinthu vyambura kwenelera kukapangiska kuti Samsung Galaxy Note 7 yiŵe na moto mu 2016-ŵakakumbuka mafoni 2.5 miliyoni. Hoverboards zikaŵa na moto kanandi waka mu 2015-2016 mwakuti ndege zikaŵakanizga. Kanandi ivi vikulondezgapo pa nkhani zakupanga vinthu, kunanga vinthu, panji kuŵika magesi na ma charger ghambura kwenelera.

Thermal runaway-para selo likutenthema chomene ndipo kutentha kukupangiska kuti paŵe vinyake ivyo vikupangiska kutentha chomene-ndiyo nthowa yikuru yakutondeka. Mabatire agho ghapangika makora ghali na vinthu vinandi vyakuvikilira: ma circuit ghakucepeskako magesi, ma fuse ghakutenthemeska, viŵaro vyakufumiskiramo mphepo, vigaŵa vyakujalira vya separator. Mabatire ghakutchipa ghakujumphizga vivikiliro ivi.

Kukolerana kukukhuŵazga awo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito. Mtundu uliwose wa chida ukugwiliskira ntchito vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana vya mabatire. Mabatire gha DeWalt ghakuyana yayi na vipangizo vya Milwaukee. Ryobi waŵa wanzeru kusunga pulatifomu yawo ya One + yakukolerana kwa vyaka vinandi-vipangizo vyakufuma mu 2005 vikugwira ntchito na mabatire kufuma mu 2025. Kweni ŵanandi awo ŵakupanga ŵakukhumba kuti ŵakuguliska ŵakhome -mu.

Vinthu vyakupangira vinthu vyakuseŵezeskekaso vichali kukura. Li-Cycle, Redwood Materials, na ŵanyake ŵakuzenga malo ghakujipeleka ghakupangira mabatire gha lithiamu. Ŵangasangaso 95% + ya vinthu vya mabatire. Kweni vyakusonkheska vikulutilira kuŵa vyakusuzga-ŵanthu ŵakuponya mabatire mu vimbundi, ndipo ivi vikupangiska masuzgo ghakuponyamo vimbundi.

BMS njakuzirwa chomene kweni yikuwoneka yayi. Mu laputopu, yikuwonelera gulu lililose la maselo, yikupenda nyengo iyo yikukhalako, yikulaŵilira umo batire likuŵikira, yikuphalira dongosolo ilo likugwira ntchito. Kuŵa wakusuzga chomene kuluska umo vikuwonekera.

Boma-la-kuyezgelera malipiro nkhwakuzizwiska chomene. Voltage ya batire yikukolerana na mlingo wa charge, kweni ubwezi ukupambana na kutentha, katundu, msinkhu wa batire. BMS yiwemi yikugwiriskira ncito ma algorithm ghakusuzga ghakuŵika vyose ivi mu. Ndico cifukwa ico nyengo zinyake maperesenti gha batire la foni ghakujumpha panji kukhira mwambura kulindilira-kuyezgelera kukusinthika.

Kulinganizga maselo nkhwakukhumbikwa mu mapaketi gha maselo ghanandi-. Maselo gha munthu waliyose ghakuŵa na nkhongono zakupambanako pachoko waka. Pa nyengo yakuchaja, BMS yingasunkhunya magesi kuzingilizga maselo ghakuzura kuti maselo ghambura nkhongono ghafikepo. Kulinganiza kwambura kuchitapo kanthu kukuwuskapo nkhongono nga ni kutentha. Active balancing yikupeleka nkhongono pakati pa maselo, yikugwira ntchito makora chomene kweni yikudura chomene.

Kulaŵilira kutentha-BMS yikuwonelera kutentha kwa maselo ndipo yingachepeska mtengo wa charge/discharge usange vinthu vyatentha chomene. EVs ili na nthowa yakunozga yakulongozgera kutentha na kuzizima kwa maji. Vipangizo vya magesi vikuthemba waka pa kudumura kwa kutentha.

Mapulogalamu ghakudumbiskana-Machipisi gha BMS ghakuyowoya na vipangizo vyakupokelera ŵalendo mwakugwiliskira ntchito I2C, SMBus, basi ya CAN panji mapulogalamu gha mweneko. Ivi vikovwira kuti vipangizo vilongorenge uthenga wakukwana wa batire na kunozga umo vikugwilira ntchito.

Mapulogalamu gha mafakitale ghakusazgapo kuwoneseska mabatire mu ndondomeko yikuru. Nyumba yakusungiramo katundu yingalondezga mabatire ghose gha forklift pakati, kuŵika nyengo yakuchajira na kuŵika mbendera pa mabatire agho ghakukhumbikwira kusinthika. Kunozga kwakumanyikwa mwakuyana na data ya BMS.

Mabatire ghakukhozga - ni chakupokera chakupatulika. Muŵikepo maji gha electrolyte na vinthu vyakukhora vya ceramic panji vya polymer. Kugomezga kuti nkhwakuvikilirika-palije maji ghakugolera moto. Nkhongono zapachanya zikuchitika. Toyota yikuti yizamuŵa na mabatire ghakukhora mu magalimoto mu 2027-2028. QuantumScape, Nkhongono Yakukhora, ŵanyake ŵakupanga luso. Kweni kupanga pa mlingo kukukhalilira kwambura kumazga.

Mabatire gha sodium-ion ghakugwiriskira ncito mchere m’malo mwa lithiamu-vyakupangira vyakutchipa, ivyo vingaŵa vyakudura. CATL yikapharazga mabatire gha sodium - ion gha malonda mu 2021. Nkhongono zikuchepa kuluska lithiamu ion, kweni ivi ni vyakuzomerezgeka kusunga vinthu vyambura kusintha. Northvolt kuzenga sodium - ion kupanga ku Europe.

Litiyamu -sulfure wakupereka nkhongono zinandi chomene -mpaka 500 Wh / kg pakuyaniska na 250 Wh / kg kwa lithiamu ion ya sono. Kweni umoyo wa mzere waŵa wakofya, kanandi ukuyuyura pamanyuma pa mzere 50-100. Kafukufuku wakulutilira.

Mabatire gha lithiamu ({0}}mphepo (lithiamu{1}}oxygen) ghali na mphaka zapachanya chomene zakusambizga -izo zingaŵa 1,000 Wh/kg. Kweni iwo ŵachali curiosities ya labotale na masuzgo ghakuru ghakuchitika.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Kwa vyaka 5-10 ivyo vikwiza, lithiamu ion yakumanyikwa yizamuŵa yakulamulira. Kusintha kwakusazgikira kukulutilira kwiza-vinthu viwemi vya cathode, silicon anodes m’malo mwa graphite (kukhozga nkhongono 20-40%), kusintha kwa ndondomeko ya kupanga kukuchepeska ndalama.

Mtengo wa mabatire ukakhira pafupifupi 90% kufuma mu 2010 kufika mu 2023, kufuma pafupifupi $ 1,100 / kWh kufika pa $ 130 / kWh kwa mabatire gha EV. Ivyo vikuchitika vikulutilira, panji vikufika pa $ 80-100 / kWh mu 2030. Pa mitengo iyo, EVs yikufika pa mtengo wakuyana na magalimoto gha gasi kwambura wovwiri.

Kuchepeska cobalt ndicho chinthu chikuru chomene. Migodi ya cobalt yili na suzgo la wanangwa wa ŵanthu ndiposo ngozi pa nkhani ya kupeleka vinthu. Mabatire gha mazuŵa ghano gha NMC ghakugwiriskira ncito cobalt yicoko comene kuluska ghakale (NMC 811 yili na 80% ya nickel, 10% ya manganese, 10% ya cobalt pakuyaniska na 1: 1: 1 ya pakwamba). Mabatire gha LFP ghalije cobalt nanga nkhumoza.

Silicon anodes kuguliskika sono. Sila Nanotechnologies wakupeleka vinthu vya silikoni ku ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakupanga vinthu. Panasonic wakapharazga kuti ŵapangirenge mabatire gha silicon anode. Tesla kugwiriskira ncito silicon yinyake mu maselo ghawo kale. Ichi chikupangiska kuti nkhongono ziŵe 10-20% kwambura kusintha chilichose pa batire.

Fumbo lakuti "nchivici ico cili na mabatire gha lithiamu ion" cizamuŵa na zgoro litali comene mu vilimika vinkhondi. Magulu ghanandi gha vinthu vikuluta ku magesi. Mapulogalamu ghanandi apo lithiamu ion yikunjilirapo pa tekinoloje yakale. Tekinoloje iyi yikakura mwaluŵiro kweni yikulutilira kukura.

Kupulikiska kuti ni vipangizo wuli ivyo vikugwiriskira ncito mabatire gha lithiamu nkhwakuzirwa comene apo tikuwunjika vinandi. Mabanja ghanandi sono ghali na vipangizo vyakuŵikamo magesi 20-50. Kumanya ivyo muli navyo, umo mungavipwelelera, na nyengo yakuti muviŵikepo, kukupangiska kuti ndalama izo mwaŵika zikhale nyengo yitali ndiposo zigwirenge ntchito makora.