NaJake Morrison, Mukulemba vya Harware|Sarah Chen|Munthu Wakuteteza Miyelo
Kupharazgika:Feb 8, 2025
Pafupifupi vyose ivyo vikuchitika mazuŵa ghano vikuchitika pa mabatire gha lithiamu ion. Foni yinu, mwachiwonekere. Laptop. Ma earbuds agha ghambura waya agho mukwenera kuti mukuvwara sonosono apa. Tekinoloje iyi yikayamba mu 1991 apo Sony wakaguliska maselo ghakwamba gha lithium ion kuti ghaŵe ghakukhozga, ndipo ghakurya mu chigaŵa chilichose cha katundu kufuma nyengo iyo.
Ŵanthu ŵakufumba kuti "icho chili na mabatire gha lithium ion" ghakulindilira mndandanda wakupepuka, kweni zgoro leneco ndakuti: lutani pa nyumba yinu. Kupenda vipangizo vyakulipiliska. Ndilo zgoro linu.
Mabatire agha ghakusunga nkhongono za lithium ions kumbuyo pakati pa ma electrodes ghaŵiri -anode ku cathode para ghakufumiskiramo, kusintha kwa nthowa para mwaŵaŵikamo. Makemiko ghakupulikikwa kuŵa ghakusuzga kweni ivyo vikuchitika vikuchitika mwakunyoloka: nkhongono zinandi mu malo ghachoko chomene kuluska mitundu yakale ya mabatire yingalongozga.
Chifukwa wuli Lithium Ion.
Vifukwa vitatu. Energy density yikutimbanizga chilichose. Lithiamu ion cell yikupakira 150-250 watt-} maori pa kilogalamu. Yezgelerani kuti kuti nicken-cadmium pa panji 40-60 Wh / kg. Nase pafupi yayi.
Chachiŵiri, palije kukumbukira. Kumbukani mafoni ghakale ghambura cord apo mukeneranga kufumiska chomene batire panji "kuluwa" nkhongono zake zose? Lithium ion yikuchita nthena yayi. Likani nyengo yiliyose. Chachitatu, kujitemwa kwakucepa- yadicharge - ŵakusunga mtengo wawo wakhala pa shelufu, kutaya panji 2-3% pa mwezi na 20% pa mabatire gha NiMH.
Mtengo ukakhiraso. Kubwerera mu '90s mabatire agha ghakaŵa ghakudura chomene mwakuti pera vinthu vya magesi vyapachanya ndivyo ŵakavigwiriskira ntchito. Sono ŵakuŵa ŵakutchipa chomene pa ma charger gha USB gha ku dola. Nakuti, chakuduravyakwana-sitini yakudura chomene kuluska alkalines, kweni kubwezereska kubwerera kumbuyo mwaluŵiro.
Munthu uyo wakugula magesi (Nthowa Yakuwonekera)
Mafoni ghanzeru ghakulongozga paketi. iPhone 15 Pro yili na batiri ya 3,274 mAh. Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra yikuluta kukuru pa 5,000 mAh. Foni yiliyose kufuma pa $ 50 preparing models kufika pa $ 1,500 flagships yikugwiriskira ncito lithiamu ion- kanandi lithiamu cobalt oxide (LCO) kemistry cifukwa yikusazgirako nkhongono mu malo ghakukhozga.
Laptops zikuchitiska mabatire ghakuru, chomenechomene 50-80 Wh kwa ultrabooks, mpaka 100 Wh kwa malo ghakugwilira ntchito. Kuyowoya unenesko, 100 Wh ni mphaka ya malango yakunyamura mabatire pa ndege kwambura kuzomerezgeka, ndicho chifukwa chake ŵakupanga laputopu ŵakulaŵiska pa nambala iyo. FAA yikaŵika dango ili na moto wa lithiamu pa ndege mu 2000s.
Ma tablet ghakuwa pakati pa-}iPad Pro ghali na pafupifupi 40 Wh. Kindle Paperwhite? Tiny 6 6 batire ilo lakhalako masabata ghanandi chifukwa e{4}}ink yikulongora nkhongono ya kumwa.
Ndipo pali vinyake vyose. Mbeŵa zambura waya na makiyibodi (kanandi AAA‐{1}} maselo gha lithiamu ion maselo). Ŵanthu awo ŵakuyowoya vya Bluetooth-JBL, Ultimate Ears, Bose, wose lithiamu ion. Ŵalongozgi ŵa maseŵero. Mawatchi gha vinjeru. Ŵanthu awo ŵakulondezga maseŵero ghakukhozga thupi. Makamera ghambura waya. Mabelu gha pa mulyango wa vidiyo. Mabulashi gha mino gha magesi. Mndandanda wa Oral- BO wa iO ukugwiriskira ncito batire la lithiamu makora kwa masabata ghaŵiri pakati pa milandu.
AirPods Pro yili na 1.98 Wh ya nkhongono ya batire pamoza pakati pa ma earbuds na case. Ivyo vikuwoneka nga ni m’paka apo mumanye kuti vikupereka nkhongono ku phokoso, kupanga mazgu gha malo, na kulumikizgana kwambura waya kwa maora.
Malonda {{0}
Magalimoto gha magesi ghakasintha chomene sikelo. Tesla Model 3 Long Range wakunyamura batire la 75 kWh - ndiko kuti 75,000 watt - maora, panji pafupifupi 1,500 mabatire ghamabatiri gha foni yamakono. Batiri pera likulemera pafupifupi mapaundi 1,000.
Ma EV ghanandi ghakugwiriskira ncito nicken manganese cobalt (NMC) panji phosphate ya lithium phosphate (LFP) m’malo mwa maselo gha cobalt -} mu mafoni. NMC yikupereka nkhongono ziwemi na kukhazikika makora kwa kutentha. LFP ndiyo yikuvikilirika ndipo yikukhala nyengo yitali - BYD na Tesla vyose vikugwiriskira ncito LFP pa viyerezgero vya mtundu wa mtundu sono. Trade-}2 ni nkhongono zapasi, ntheura mukukhumbikwira maselo ghanandi kwa mtundu umoza.
Ford F-150 Lightning yili na 131 kWh iyo yilipo. Rivian R1T yikuluta ku 135 kWh mu ndondomeko ya Max Pack. Lucid Air Dream Range wakuti 112 kWh ndipo wakupokera mtunda wakujumpha 500 miles kufuma ku EPA chifukwa magalimoto ghawo na vinthu vya magesi vikugwira ntchito makora.
Njinga za magesi zikukura. Rad Power Bikes kanandi ŵakugwiliskira ntchito mapaketi gha 48V 14Ah (672 Wh). Higher- - njinga kufuma ku Masambiro Ghapadera panji Trek run 500-700 Wh mabatire. E{{10} }scocotes ndizo-Xiaomi M365 ikugwiriskira ncito 280 Wh, Bird na Lime renti scooters zikugwiriskira ncito nkhongono zakuyana waka.
Njinga za mthuthuthu wa magesi zichali na niche kweni zikukura. Zero Motorcyclues SR / F ili na batire la 14.4 kWh. Energica Ego + wakukankhira 21.5 kWh. Kukwanira yayi kwa maulendo ghatali ghaulendo, kweni kufikako.
Maboti ghakwiza nawo. X Shore Eelex 8000 boti la magesi likuchimbira pa batire la 125 kWh. Candela C-8 hydrofoil boti likugwiriskira ncito 44 kWh na "mafuta" pachanya pa maji kuti lichepeske kukoka. Njinga ya magesi ya Arc Sport yikaŵa pa $300,000 nyengo yaumaliro iyo nkhawonera.
Vipangilo vya Nkhongono Yikati
Kusintha uku kukachitika mwaluŵiro. Vilimika 20 ivyo vyajumpha, ŵakontrakitala ŵankhongono ŵakaseka vipangizo vyambura kupangika na chingwe. Mwahuno? Milwaukee, DeWalt, Makita, Bosch- wose ŵaluta lithiamu.
Nthowa ya DeWalt ya FlexVolt yikuchimbira 20V panji 60V kuyana na chida. Pa pulatifomu ya M18 ya Milwaukee ili na vipangizo vyakujumpha 200 ivyo vikugaŵana na batire limoza. Mabatire ghawo gha High Output ghakafika pa 12 Ah nkhongono -fundi kuti ŵachite saw yakuzungulira kwizira mu vigaŵa vinandi vyakudumulika.
Vipangizo vya magesi vya kuwaro vikalondezgeka. Ego Power Plus yikupangiska kuti baboti yiŵe na mtundu wa mtundu mwakugwiliskira nchito 56V 7.5 Ah pack (420 Wh). Vingwe vyawo vyakupangira vingwe, vyakuwuska mahamba, nanga ni viwawa vya sinowo vikuchimbira pa malo ghamoza gha batire. Ryobi wali na ndondomeko ya 40V. Greenworks yikupereka vyakusankha vya 60V na 80V vya vipangizo vikuru.
A robot vacuums na vimembe vya utheka vikuchimbira mabatire ghachoko waka chifukwa vikuŵikaso magesi mwaŵene. Roomba j{{{lin}} ili pafupifupi 60 Wh. Husqvarna Automower wakugwiriskira ncito 18V lithium ion, nkhongono zikupambana mwakuyana na mtundu.
Vipangizo vya nchito vikulutilira kukura. Milwaukee wakupanga batire la chikwama ilo likupereka 300 Wh chifukwa cha kuseŵezeska vipangizo vinandi pa malo gha ntchito. Stihl wakupereka mabatire gha mabatire ghakukhora chomene mwakuti makuni gha malonda ghagwirenge ntchito.
Vipangizo Vipangizo (Apo Kugomezgeka Kwakukhwaskana na Ŵanthu Ŵanandi)
Vinthu ivyo vikuŵika mphepo pa malo ghakuzizima ni vyakuzirwa chomene ku ŵanthu awo ŵali na matenda ghakupuma. Inogen One G5 yikugwiriskira ncito batire la lithiamu ion ilo likupereka maora 3-6 ghakugwira nchito mwakuyana na umo vinthu vikwendera. Phillips Respironics Kulimbikira Kuseŵera kwa maora pafupifupi 4.5.
Makina gha CPAP ghakugona pa apnea ghakupereka chomene vyakusankha vya batire. ResMed AirMini ulendo CPAP ungachimbira ku mabatire gha lithiamu gha kuwaro. Nchakukhumbikwa comene kuti ŵazenge misasa panji kuzimya magesi.
Vinthu vyakovwira kupulika vikasintha na kuŵa lithiamu wakupangikaso sonosono apa. Phonak Audera Charges wakulipira usiku umoza ndipo wakuchimbira maora gha 16+ maora. Starkey Evolv. Ntchiwemi chomene kuluska kuthukira na zinc ya zinc-} cells za batani la mazuŵa ghachoko waka pa mazuŵa ghachoko waka.
Vipangizo vyakuwoneseska vyachipatala {{{{llit}} blod pressure vikuwoneseska, vyakuwonera vya shuga, vipangizo vya ECG vyakunyamura -vinandi sono vikulipiliska. AliveCor KadidiaoBile wakulemba ECGs pa foni, wakuchimbira pa selo yichoko ya lithium myezi yakukhalilira.
Mapampu ghakuŵikamo, vipangizo vya opaleshoni, vipangizo vyakuwonera ivyo vikugwiriskirika nchito mu vipatala {-vigaŵa vya mabatire gha lithiamu ion ion ghakusungamo panji vyakusankha vya nkhongono zakunyamulika. Stryker System 8 vipangizo vya magesi ghakugwiriskira ncito mabatire gha lithiamu ion, kuŵikika pa cipinda cambura kubaba kuti cigwiriskike ncito mu cipinda ca opareshoni.
Vipangizo vyakuŵikapo mtima ni vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵaphya awo ŵakupanga mabatire ghaphya ŵakugwiliskira nchito mabatire gha lithium ion agho ghakulipirika mwakujumphizga (kwizira mu khungu) mwakugwiliskira nchito induction. Medtronic ili na viyerezgero apo batire likuŵikikaso kwambura waya kamoza pa sabata m’malo mwa kukhumbikwira opaleshoni m’malo mwa opaleshoni pa vyaka 7-10 pa vyaka vyose.
Kusunga Nkhongono (Nyumba zakufuma ku Grid Scale)
Tesla Powerwall 2 yikuguliska 13.5 kWh, yikuguliska pafupifupi madola 11,000. Powerwall 3 yikiza sonosono apa na kuphatikizgika makora. Generac PWRcoll yikupereka 9-18 kWh ndondomeko za modular. LG Chem RESU yikufuma pa 10-16 kWh kuyana na kusintha.
Mabatire agha gha pa nyumba ghakuŵikika pamoza na mapanelo gha zuŵa - ghakusungirako mtundu wakujumphizga muhanya, ghakugwiriskira ncito usiku. Kweniso perekani backup pa nyengo ya kuwalo usange yaŵikika makora. Ni ndondomeko zose yayi izo zikugwira ntchito pa nyengo ya bluouts; yikuthemba pa setip ya invert.
California yikukanizga zuŵa ku nyumba ziphya, ntheura kulera mabatire kukuchitika mwaluŵiro kwenekura. Hawaii ili na magesi ghanandi pamoza na zuŵa, ndipo ivi vikupangiska kuti chuma cha zuŵa + cha kusungirako vinthu chiŵe makora. Texas wakatondeka kutondeka mu 2021 iyo yikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe na chitemwa na mabatire gha kunyumba.
Kuŵika malonda kukukura chomene. Sitolo ya vyakurya yingaŵika 50- 100 kWh ya mabatire ghakulongozgera mtengo wakukhumbikwa. Malo ghakusungamo data ghakugwiriskira ncito vipinda vya mabatire gha megawatt kuti ghaŵe na nkhongono zakusungamo, kuŵika panji kusazgirako ma jenereta gha dizilo.
Sikelo yakugwiriskira ncito ni ya mtundu wa mtundu. Malo ghakuŵikamo nkhongono gha Moss Landing ku California ghali na 3,000 MWh ya nkhongono - iyo ni 3 miliyoni kilowatt- maora, panji yakukwana kuti yiŵe na nkhongono pafupifupi nyumba 225,000 kwa maora ghanandi. Iwo ukugwiriskira ncito mayuniti gha Tesla Megapack, ndipo cimoza na cimoza ni chiŵiya cakutumizgirako - size 3 MWh batire.
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Australia awo ŵakaŵa na nthenda ya Hornsdale Power Reserve ŵakaŵa ŵamoza mwa mabatire ghakuru ghakwamba gha gridi, agho ghakazengeka na Tesla mu 2017 pa 150 MWh. Likasazgikirako. Nthowa izi zikukhazikika pa msinkhu wa gridi, nkhongono zakuzgoŵezgeka, zikuchepeska kukhumbikwa kwa vyakumera vya mphepo vyachilengiwa.
Mapulogiramu ghapadera ghose Ghakujumpha
UPS (vyakupeleka vya magesi vyambura kugaŵikana) vyakugwiriskira ncito mwacikhaliro -asidi mabatire. Muziro, wakukhumbikwa m’malo mwa vyaka 3-5, vinthu vya poizoni. Nthowa za Lithium ion UUs kufuma ku APC, Eaton, Vertiv yikukhala nyengo yitali, zikutora malo ghachoko, zikulemera vichoko. Malo gha data chomenechomene nga ni kulemera kwa kuchepeska uku ghakung’anamura katundu wakucepa wa kapangikiro mu nyumba.
Ma drone na quadcopsers-DJI yikulamulira msika uwu. Ma drone ghawo ghakulongozga mabatire gha lithium polymer (LiPo) mabatire, agho ghakupangika na lithiamu ion mtundu uwo uli na electrolyte ya polymer. DJI Mini 3 Pro yikugwiriskira ncito batire la 2453 mAh kwa maminiti pafupifupi 34 gha ndege. Ma drone ghakuru nga ni Inspire 2 ghakunyamura mabatire ghaŵiri ghakukwana 98 Wh.
Ma drone gha ŵasambizgi ŵa kafukufuku, kuwoneseska, kupereka - ghose ghakuchitiska mabatire gha lithiamu. Zipline drones drone ku Africa kugwiriskira ncito lithiamu ion. Viyezgelero vya drone vya Amazon vikugwiriskira ntchito.
Aerospace mapulogalamu ghakukura. Ndege za magesi zikwiza. Pipistrel Velis Electro wali na mabatire gha lithiamu - ... ndege ya magesi yose iyo yili na chiphaso cha masambiro gha ndege ku Europe. Beta Technogies na Joby Aviation ŵakupanga matakisi gha magesi gha magesi agho ghakukhozgeka na mabatire ghakuru gha lithiamu.
Satellite na scalecracy vikugwiriskira ncito mabatire ghapadera gha lithiamu ion agho ghakupangika kuti ghaponoskeke mu vacuum, radiation, kutentha kwakutentha comene. Malo gha pa charu chose ghali na mabatire gha lithium ion agho ghakunjilirapo maselo ghakale gha nickel -hydrogegen. Chigaŵa chilichose cha batire chikupima 400+ mapaundi.
Vipangizo vya nkhondo {{{{llit}} maso maso ghakuwonera, mawayilesi ghakuyezgayezga, ma radio gha GPS, mabatire ghose ghakuchimbira sono. Kuŵa na nkhongono ziwemi nkhwakuzirwa chomene para ŵasilikari ŵanyamura vipangizo kwa mazuŵa ghanandi. ANO / PRC-163 wayilesi yikugwiriskira ncito mabatire gha lithiamu gha lithiamu.
Makamera na vithuzithuzi vya vithuzithuzi-kuguliska makamera kufuma ku Sony, Canon, Nikon vyose lithiamu ion. Sony A7 IV yikugwiriskira ncito NP-FZ100 mabatire pa 16.4 Wh pa chilichose. Kuŵala kwa nchito- Aputire 300d LED kukugwira ntchito pa V- mabatire gha lithiamu (98 Wh kukula kwakumanyikwa). Maikolofoni ghambura waya, ghakuwonelera vidiyo, vyose vikunyamulika mu mafilimu / vithuzithuzi.
Mabatire na kulongozga
Batiri yatsopano {{0} vinyake vyakupangika na nkhongono kanandi vikuŵa na Bluetooth panji Wi -Fi kulumikizgana. Mungawona umo batire likuŵira pa foni yinu. Vipangizo vya magesi vya ego vikulongora mlingo wa malipiro mu pulogiramu. Vipangizo vya Ryobi navyo. Tesla wakuzomerezga kuti muwone batire la galimoto yinu na kuchaja kutali.
Nthowa zakulongozgera mabatire (BMS) zikugwira ntchito zinandi. Iwo ŵakulinganiska cell voltage- mu multil- cell pack, maselo ghamoza ghakupatukana pakujumpha kwa nyengo, BMS yikuŵapa. Iwo ŵakuwonelera kutentha, kuleskera kuŵika chomene mtima na kufumiska chomene, kuyowoyeskana na chipangizo ichi.
Vinthu vinyake vyakukolerana vikuwoneka kuti ni vya gicmic, kweni kuwoneseska kutali kwa vipangizo vyakudura kukupangiska kuti viŵe vyakupulikikwa. Ŵanthu awo ŵakuzenga nyumba ŵangawona kuti mabatire ghakukhumbikwira kulipira. Ŵanthu awo ŵali na nkhongono zakusungamo nkhongono ŵangawonelera umo zuŵa likupangikira na umo ŵakuŵikira batire para ŵakwenda.
Nkhani za chivikiliro zilipo nangauli. Mabatire gha firmware ghakukhumbikwira kusintha nyengo zinyake. Usange nthowa yakudumbiskana iyo yikukhozgeka makora yayi, ni suzgo ilo lingaŵapo. Ŵanthu ŵanandi yayi ŵa hack mabatire, kweni mu fundo.
Real{{0}?"
Ŵanthu ŵakukumana na mabatire gha lithium nyengo zose kwambura kughanaghanirapo. Bulashi wa mino wa magesi mu chimbuzi. Kutozga vacuum kwambura mzere (Dyson V15 kuli 70 Wh). Kuŵala kwa magesi. Bank ya magesi mu thumba linu-Anker yikupanga viyerezgero kufuma pa 10,000 mAh (37 Wh) mpaka 25,000 mAh (90 Wh).
Vidole vya ŵana vikuwonekeraso chomene. Magalimoto ghakulongozgera, nyali -p toys, vipangizo vyakusambira vya magesi. Beats kugura mabatire gha alkalka baing nyengo zose.
Vipangizo vya kunyumba vyamahara- Ring vidiyo belu wali na batire la lithiamu ilo likufumiskika. Makamera ghakuvikilira Arlo ghakugwiriskira ncito mabatire ghakunozga myezi yakukhalilira. Google Nest thermostats yili na mabatire gha lithiamu gha lithiamu. August gall locks zikuchitika pa litium AAs.
Mahachi gha holiday ghakulutaso ku nyumba. Mabatire ghakuŵikamo magesi na mabatire ghakuzengeka- mu mapanelo gha zuŵa. Makandulo gha LED ghakuŵikikaso. Vinthu vyakutozga.
Kugwiriskira ncito kwa nchito kukupambana comene. Ŵantchito ŵakuzenga ŵakusinthana mabatire gha Milwaukee panji DeWalt zuŵa lose. Malo ghakuŵikamo maforklifts ghakulipira mabatire gha lithiamu gha lithiamu pa nyengo ya kupumura - 15-mphindi ya mwaŵi wakulipira kumenya maora ghakulindilira kuti mabatire gha asidi ghakulongozgera ghazamuŵapo.
Kuzomerezga vipangizo vya ulimi mwakuchedwa kweni kukuchitika. John Deere wakuyezga ma,”. Kanandi ma roboti ghakulima ghakujiyimira payokha gha magesi. Nthowa zakuthilira na kusunga mabatire.
Mafakitale ghakutozga ghakazomera lithium. Ma scrubbbers ghapasi, vyakufumiskiramo makhapeti, vyakusambira vya malonda- makampani nga ni Tennant na Karcher vikupereka vyakusankha vya lithium. Kuchaja kwaluŵiro, kulemera kwakupepuka, palije kuŵika maji mu mabatire nga ni mtundu wakale wa lead - masisitimu agho ghakakhumbikwiranga.
Icho Kuyowoya unenesko
Mabatire ghakunangika. Chemistry yikukhalilira kwamuyirayira yayi. Batiri ya limium ion iyo yikumanyikwa yikusunga nkhongono za 80% pamanyuma pa nyengo ya 500-1000 ya charge, kuyana na kemiko na ndondomeko ya kugwiriskira ncito. Tesla wakukhozgera mabatire ghawo gha EV kwa 70% kusunga pa vyaka 8 / 100,000-150,000 miles kuyana na chiyelezgero.
Kutentha kukukoma mabatire mwaluŵiro kuluska chilichose. Kutentha makamaka {{{lin}} strusting panji kugwiriskira ncito mabatire ghakujumpha 30℃(86 digiri F) nyengo zose kukupangiska kuti kunangikira. Cold wakuchepeska nkhongono za nyengo yichoko waka kweni wakunanga yayi nyengo zose nga umo kutentha kukuchitira. Ichi ndicho chifukwa chake mabatire gha Phoex EV ghakunangika mwaluŵiro kuluska mabatire gha ku Seattle.
Kalendala ya kucekura nayo njaunenesko. Mabatire ghakunangika nanga nkhukhala kwambura kugwiliskirika nchito. Muŵasunge pa 40-50% mtengo wakuzizima kwa nyengo yakuzizima kwa nyengo yitali chomene. Kusunga batire pa 100% mtengo ndipo 40℃kwa nyengo yitali nkhwananga chomene.
Vinthu ivyo vikuchitika mu chivikiliro vikuchitika viŵi yayi kweni vikupanga nkhani para vikuchitika. Vinthu ivyo vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe na suzgo ili vikapangiska kuti Samsung Galaxy Note 7 yiŵe na moto mu 2016-ŵakakumbuka mafoni 2.5 miliyoni. Mabotolo ghakakora moto kanandi waka mu 2015-2016 ndipo ndege zikaŵakanizga. Kanandi vimanyikwiro ivi vyakupanga nkhani zakulongozga mtundu, kunanga thupi, panji kuchaja na ma charger ghambura kwenelera.
Thermal runwawawarew{0}}} apo selo likutenthemeska chomene ndipo kutentha kukupangiska kuti paŵe vyakuchitika vinyake ivyo vikupangiska kuti paŵe kutentha kwakukwana -ilo ni nthowa yikuru yakutondeka. Mabatire agho ghapangika makora ghali na vinthu vinandi vyakuvikilira: madera ghasono ghakukanizga, mafuta ghakutentha, malo ghakufumiskiramo nkhongono, vigaŵa vyakujalira vyakupatulika. Mabatire ghakufipirwa ghakudumphira vivikiliro ivi.
Kukolerana kukukhuŵilizga ŵanthu awo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito. Mtundu uliwose wa vipangizo ukugwiriskira ncito vinthu vyakupambanapambana vya mabatire. Mabatire gha DeWalt ghakuyana yayi na vipangizo vya Milwaukee. Ryobi wakhala wanzeru wakusunga umoza wa One+ wakukolerana kwa vyaka - tools kufuma mu 2005 ntchito na mabatire kufuma mu 2025. Kweni ŵanandi awo ŵakupanga ŵakukhumba kuti longwe wakuguliska -in.
Vinthu vyakupangikaso ivyo vikupangika kuti viŵeko. Li{1}}Cycle, Vinthu vya Redwood, na vinyake vikuzenga vyakumera vyakugwiriskira ncito mabatire gha lithiamu. Ŵangasangaso 95% + ya vinthu vya batire. Kweni vyakusonkheska vyakusonkheska vikusuzga mwakusuzga- ŵanthu ŵakuponya mabatire mu vimbundi, kupanga masuzgo ghakuponyamo viswaswa.
Nthowa zakulongozgera mabatire Kuchita Loti
BMS njakuzirwa chomene kweni yikuwoneka yayi. Mu laputopu, yikuwoneseska gulu lililose la maselo, yikughanaghana kuti nyengo yakuchitira vinthu, yikulaŵilira mtengo wa magesi, yikuyowoya za umoyo wa mabatire ku ndondomeko yakugwiliskira ntchito. Kuŵa wakunozgeka chomene kuluska umo wakuwonekera.
State{0}}}" Kuyezgeka kwa charge nkhwakuzizika chomene. Verpage ya battery yikukolerana na mlingo wa charge, kweni ubwezi ukupambana na kutentha, katundu, msinkhu wa batire. BMS yiwemi yikugwiriskira ncito ma algorithm ghakusuzga ghakuŵika vyose ivi.
Cell kulinganizga nkhani mu mapaketi gha multil- maselo. Maselo gha munthu payekha ghali na mphambano yichoko waka. Pa nyengo ya charging, BMS yingaŵa kuti yikuzungulira maselo ghakuzura na maselo ghakuzura kuti yizomerezgeke kuti maseko ghakufwatuka ghafike. Passive balanting yikugaŵa nkhongono nga ni kutentha. Kulinganiza kwakuyana kukusintha nkhongono pakati pa maselo, nkhwakovwira chomene kweni nkhwakudura chomene.
Kulaŵilira kwa nyengo yitali-}! EVs ŵali na mtundu wa thermal wakulongozga na kuzizima kwa maji. Vipangizo vya magesi vikuthemba waka pa kudumura kwakutentha.
Mapulogalamu ghakudumbiskana- BMS chips ghakuyowoya na vipangizo vyakupokelera ŵalendo mwakugwiliskira nchito I2C, SMBus, CAN basi panji ndondomeko za mweneko. Ici cikupangiska kuti vipangizo viwoneske makora mabatire na kupanga makora.
Mapulogalamu gha mafakitale ghakusazgako mabatire ghakuwoneseska mu ndondomeko zikuru. Nyumba yakusungiramo katundu yingaŵa kuti yikulondezga mabatire ghose gha paklift pakati, kupanga mabatire na mabatire ghakuŵika mbendera agho ghakukhumbikwira kusintha. Kunozga kwakumanyikwa kwakuthemba pa data ya BMS.
Ivyo Vikwiza Pamanyuma mu Tekinoloje ya Battery .
Mabatire ghakukhora {0} ya vigaŵa ni grail yakupatulika. Kusintha maji gha electrolyte na vinthu vya ceramic vyakukhora panji vya polymer. Chivikiliro cha chisambizgo cha visambizgo- no maji ghakugolera. Nkhongono zakukwera zapachanya zingaŵapo. Toyota wakuti ŵazamuŵa na mabatire ghakukhozga - state mu magalimoto pa 2027-2028. QuantumScape, Power ya Solid, ŵanyake ŵakupanga tekinoloje. Kweni kupanga vinthu pa mlingo kukukhalilira kwambura kumazgika.
Sodium{{0}"mabatiri mwakugwiliskira nchito mchere m’malo mwa lithiamu - mtengo wakupangika, mtengo wake ungaŵa wakucepa. CATL yikapharazga kuti malonda gha sodd -}ion mu 2021. Nkhongono za nkhongono zikuchepa kuluska lithium ion, kweni ichi nchakuzomerezgeka kusungirako malo ghakukhazikika. Kupanga sodium ya ku Northvolt-ion ku Europe.
Lithiamu{{0} sulfur yikupereka nkhongono zinandi chomene -up kufika pa 500 Wh / kg na 250 Wh / kg ya lithiamu ya sono. Kweni umoyo wa njinga waŵa wakofya chomene, kanandi ukunangika pamanyuma pa msinkhu wa 50-100. Kafukufuku wakulutilira.
Lithiamu-airo (lithiamu-exygen) ŵali na mphaka zakusambizga zapachanya -patitentintial 1,000 Wh / kg. Kweni ŵachali na vinthu vyakukhumbikwa mu labotale ivyo vili na masuzgo ghakuru chomene.
Kwa vyaka vyakulondezgapo vya 5{2}}10, lithiamu ion yakumanyikwa yizamulamulira. Kusintha kwakusazgikira kukupangiska kuti vinthu viŵe makora, silicon anodes yikusintha graphite (kukhozga nkhongono 20-40%), kusintha kwa ndondomeko ya kupanga vinthu kukuchepeska ndalama.
Mtengo wa mabatire ukakhira pafupifupi 90% kufuma mu 2010 kufika pa 2023, kufuma pafupifupi $ 1,100 / kWh kufika pa $ 130 / kWh ku mabatire gha EV. Ivyo vikuchitika vikulutilira, panji kumenya $ 80-100 / kWh mu 2030. Pa mitengo iyo, ma EV ghakufika pa mtengo wa mtengo na magalimoto gha gasi kwambura wovwiri.
Kuchepeska kwa cobalt ndiko kulimbikiska chomene. Migodi ya cobalt yikukhwaskana na wanangwa wa ŵanthu na ngozi zakupeleka. Mabatire gha mazuŵa ghano gha NMC ghakugwiriskira ncito cobalt yichoko kuluska mitundu yakale (NMC 811 ili na 80% nickel, 10% manganese, 10% cobalt na 10% na pakwamba 1:1:1 ratio). Mabatire gha LFP ghalije cobalt nanga nkhuchoko waka.
Silicon wakusambizga kuguliskika sono. Sila Nanotechnologies yikupereka vinthu vya silicon anode ku ŵakupanga ŵanandi. Panasonic wakapharazga mabatire gha anode gha silicon kuti ghapangike. Tesla wakugwiriskira ncito sililicon mu maselo ghawo kale. Ici cikukhozga nkhongono 10-20% kwambura kusintha vinthu vinyake vyakukhwaskana na batire.
Fumbo lakuti "icho chili na mabatire gha lithium ion" ghazamuŵa na zgoro la nyengo yitali chomene mu vyaka vinkhondi. Vigaŵa vinandi vya vinthu ivyo vikuluta ku magesi. Mapulogalamu ghanandi agho lithiamu ion likusintha vinthu vyakale vya tekinoloje. Tekinoloje yikakura mwaluŵiro kweni yichali kusintha.
Kupulikiska vipangizo ivyo vikugwiriskira ncito mabatire gha litium agho ghakukhumbikwa comene apo tikuwunjika vinandi. Mabanja ghanandi sono ghali na vipangizo vyakulipiliska 20-50. Kumanya ivyo muli navyo, umo mungasungira, ndipo nyengo iyo mungaŵikamo kukupangiska kuti ndalama izo ziŵikidwe nyengo yitali na kucita makora.
