Kasi ni Mikhaliro wuli ya Lithiamu-}ion mabatire?
Nkhongono na nkhongono ya magesi ya Lithiamu-}yilo Mabatire
Pa nyengo ya charge {0}dzirombo la lithiamu-}ion, waka vinthu vyakugwira ntchito vya ma electrode ghawemi na ghaheni ghakuchitika na lithiamu-ion intercalation / dentercalation reaction, apo electrolyte na vinthu vinyake vikugwiriskirika nchito yayi. Ntheura, nkhongono iyo vinthu viwemi na viheni vya electrode vikusintha mwakupambanapambana / vigaŵa vya lithium ions vikupangiska kuti batire la batire lijulike, ndipo unandi wa lithiamu ions kulumikizga / kuziŵizga kukupangiska kuti vinthu viŵeko. Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakupanga mabatire gha pa charu chose ndipo awo ŵakupanga mabatire gha lithiamu -}ion ŵakuthemba pa vinthu ivi kuti ŵafiske kupanga vinthu vinandi na kugwira ntchito mwakuyana.
Pa electrode yiheni, ivyo vikuchitika vikuchitika mwakuyana na Equation (1.2). Pa mole ya carbon (12g), pafupifupi 1/6 mol ya lithium ions yingaŵikika pamoza. Ntheura, nkhongono zakumanyikwa za carbon negative electrode vinthu ni .
1/6(modi) × 96485(Kukhalako kwa nyengo zose, C/mol)/12(g)=3400 C / g=372(mA·h / g) (1.5)
Mukugwiriskira ncito zuŵa na zuŵa, pakughanaghanira kutaya kwa limium cifukwa ca kujikora na kupanga filimu yakukhora ya electrolyte interphase (SEI), nkhongono yeneco yakukwaniskika ya vinthu vya carbon ni 300–345 mA·h / g. Kulongozga lithiamu-} batire packs ŵakupereka mlingo uwu kwizira mu kupanga kwakunozga kwa graphite na ndondomeko zakwenelera zakuphimba.
Pa vinthu viwemi vya electrode, nkhongono zake zikuthemba pa unandi wa ma lithium ions agho ghangafumiskika / kuŵikika. Kutora LiCoO₂ nga nchiyelezgero, kufika pa 1 mol ya lithium ions pa mole ya LiCoO₂ kungaŵapo pa ivyo vikuchitika. Ntheura, nkhongono zakumanyikwa za LiCoO ( unandi wa maselo ghakupambanapambana 97.86) ni .
1(mol) × 96485(C/mol)/97.86(g)=985.95C / g=273.9(mA··h / g) (1.6)
Mukuchita, kuti viŵe na crystal crystal ya LiCoO₂ vinthu, kanandi 30%–60% pera ya lithium ions yikuchitako pa ivyo vikuchitika. Ntheura, nkhongono yeneco ya LiCoO₂ vinthu ni 137–164 mA·h / g. Lithiamu yikuru-ion batire OEM ŵakupanga ŵakulaŵilira kuzama kwa charge na kufumiskika kwizira mu BMS yakupambanapambana kuti ŵasazgireko umoyo wa msinkhu uku ŵakuwoneseska kuti ŵali ŵakuvikilirika.
Pakuti lithiamu iron phosphate, 1 mol ya lithium ions pa mole ya lithium iron phosphate yingachitako mwakukwana pakuchita. Ntheura, nkhongono na nkhongono yeneco ya lithiamu iron phosphate (msofi wa maselo wakupambanapambana 157.8) ni .
1(mol) × 96485(C/mol)/157.8(g)=611.44C / g=169.8(mA·h / g) (1.7) (1.7)
Mu chilengiwa, nkhongono ya redod ya Li/Li + ndiyo yikuchepa chomene, yikufika pa -3.04 V (vs. electrode ya hydrogen yakumanyikwa). Pa vinthu vya carbon negative electrode, nkhongono ya kufumiska lithium-ion na kuŵikamo kuli pafupi na nkhongono ya Li / Li‐ yakuyana. Kuyana na fundo ya electrochemical, pa kutentha kwa chipinda, nkhongono ya electrode E ya electrode yiheni ya carbon ni .
E=digiri + 0.02567 · ln [C(Liwo)/C(Li,C€₆)] (1.8)]
nkhu
E℃{{00} nkhongono za electrode zakumanyikwa;
C (Li›) - mtundu wa lithium ions mu electrolyte yankho;
C (Li,C₂) - mtundu wa lithium ions mu carbon wa electrode yiheni.
Para mtundu wa lithiamu ion mu yankho na mu carbon new electrode uli pafupi, nkhongono ya electrode ya electrode yiheni yikuyana waka na msinkhu wa kuchepeska kwa Ede ya E . Kanandi, lithiamu ion yinandi mu electrolyte yikukhazikika, ntheura kusintha kwa mtundu wa lithiamu ion mu carbon new electrode carbon kuzamupangiska kusintha kwa nkhongono ya electrode yiheni. Pasono palije nthowa ya pa charu chose yakuŵerengera nkhongono zakuyana za Li / C₆ na vigaŵa vya x vyakupambanapambana. Kanandi ŵakusimikizga mwakuyezgayezga. Kuyezgelera kukulongora kuti nkhongono ya kupanga vithuzithuzi vya graphite -} vyakukhazikika vikupambana pakati pa 0–0.4 V (vs. Li / Lia), ndipo ivi vikupangiska kuti viŵe vyakwenelera chomene vya magesi ghaheni kuti vigwiriskike nchito. Chithunzi 1.2 chikulongora malipiro ghakuzomerezgeka - kugaŵika kwa mtundu wa electrode yiheni ya graphite.
Pakuti Lithia₂ vinthu viwemi vya electrode, ndondomeko ya lithium intercalation / dentercalation ni nthowa yimoza ({0}}}phase reaction. Apo lithiamu ion yikuŵikika mu electrode yiwemi, nkhongono ya electrode yiwemi nayo yikusintha. Pakuwona kuti lithiamu ion yikuŵikika mu electrolyte ni 1 mol / L, chifukwa cha ivyo vikuchitika mu Equation (1.1), nkhongono ya electrode yiwemi E ni .
E=digiri + 0.02567 · ln [C(Li+,CoO₂)/C(LiCoO2)]] (1.9)
nkhu
E℃{{00} nkhongono za electrode zakumanyikwa;
C (LiCoOOC₂)- mtundu wa LiCoO₂ mu chinthu chiwemi cha electrode;
C (Li +, CoO2) - mtundu wa Li na CoO₂ mu chinthu cha electrode chiwemi;
Pakuti lithiamu ions yikufumiskika, nkhongono ya electrode yiwemi yikulongora kuti yikukhira.
Mulimo wa malipiro gha lithiamu iron phosphate wa lithium phosphate ni kusintha kufuma ku lithiamu chisulo phosphate ku iron phosphate pamanyuma pa delithiation.
Ivyo vikuchitika pa electrode ya iron tosphate ni .
LiFePO₄ ↔ FePO₄ + Li₄ + Li※ e⁻ (1.10)
Lithiamu (0}}} ndondomeko ya kuyambiska / kugaŵa ni viŵiri -fase reaction. Ntheura, kusintha kwa mtundu wa lithium ion mu vinthu viwemi vya electrode kukukhwaska yayi kusintha uko kungaŵapo kwa electrode yiwemi. Nkhongono yake yakuyana waka ni .
E=digiri + 0.02567 · ln [C(FePO₄)/C(LiFePO₄)] (1.11)] (1.11)
Kuchuluka kwa mtundu wakutowa ni 1. Kulingana na vigaŵa vyake vya thermodynamic, nkhongono ya theoretical equilibrium ni 3.4 V.
Mulimo wa mtundu wa mtundu wa mtundu wa lithium phosphate ukulongosoreka mu chithuzithuzi 1.3.
Mikhaliro ya Kugwira ntchito ya Lithiamu-}ion mabatire
Kulinganizga na mabatire ghanyake, mabatire gha lithiamu-}ion ghali na mikhaliro iyi iyo yikumanyikwa chomene na lithiamu -ion ŵakugaŵira mabatire na makasitomala gha mafakitale:
Nkhongono zapachanya.Nkhongono za lithium-}yilodi zikufika pa 100 W·h / kg na 200 W·h / L / kujumphirapo. Mabatire ghasonosono gha cathode gha pa msewu wa pa msewu -}ion ghakwaniska nkhongono zakumanyikwa za 200 W·h / kg. Kugwiriskira ncito silicon ya anode ya anode na lithiamu-rich cathode, nkhongono zakumanyikwa zikukhazga kuti zifike pa 400 W·h / kg na nkhongono ya mazgu 900 W·h / L, kuluska mabatire gha chikhalidwe. Ntheura, lithiamu{13}}ion mabatire ghakugwiriskirika nchito comene mu vinthu vya magesi vyakunyamulika na magalimoto gha magesi.
Pamwamba pa- mphamvu ya magesi.Chifukwa cha kugwiriskira ncito vinthu vyambura kupangika na ŵanthu- pafupifupi, voltage yimoza ya maselo ghamoza yikufika pa 3.6-3.8 V, iyo ni 2-3 nyengo za nickel- metal hydride panji nickel-cadmium mabatire. Kugwiriskira ncito makora vinthu vyapachanya -" magesi gha voltage ghangasazgirako magesi ghakugwira ntchito gha selo limoza ku 4.5-5 V, ivyo nchimoza mwa vifukwa vyakuzirwa vya nkhongono zapachanya za mabatire gha lithiamu-}ion.
Nkhongono ya high {{{llit} mtengo na kutuluka.Mwachiyelezgero, vyose {{{llim}}), mabatire gha lithiamu -), mabatire gha polymer electrolytes ghangakwaniska kukwaniska viŵelengero vyakufumiskika pachanya pa 10C na chivikiriro chiwemi; lithiamu {{4}"mabaties kugwiriskira ncito lithium iron phosphate apo cathode yingakwaniska 100C kutuluka.
Kukhala kwakucepa {{0}dzirombo.Pa nyengo ya kutentha kwa chipinda, mwezi uliwose wakujiŵikira yekha- ya discharge ya mabatire gha lithiamu-ion kanandi ŵanthu ŵakuŵa pasi pa 10%, ŵapasi kuluska nickel -} mabatire gha hydride (15%) ndipo hafu ya nickel -cadmium mabatire. Mlingo wakujithya wekha, chiŵelengero cha mabatire gha lithiamu gha lithiamu phosphate kanandi ghakuŵa pasi pa 3%.
Kuŵa waubwezi,kuŵavya mkuŵa, cammium, mercury, panji vinthu vinyake vyakofya, ndipo vikunanga yayi chilengiwa.
Palije kukumbukira.Memory effect yikung’anamura chinthu icho nkhongono ya batire yikuchepa para yaŵa na charger pambere yindafumepo panji kugwiliskirika ntchito pambere yindalimbikike mwakukwana (chikumbusko cha memory ni nkhongono yayi). Mabatiri gha Lithiamu{{1}"ilije nkhongono yakukumbukira.
Kuŵa wakuvikilirika makora.Mabatire gha Lithiamu {0}pafupitali kanandi ghakugwiriskira ncito vinthu vya carbon nga ni electrode yiheni, iyo yili na nkhongono ya electrode pafupi na ya lithium ya visulo. Lithium ions ingaŵa kuti yikukhwaskana na kuzgoka na kuziŵizga mu carbon, ndipo yikuchepeska chomene mwaŵi wa kuŵika vitsulo vya lithiamu na kukhozga chomene chivikiliro cha mabatire. Mu vyaka vyasonosono apa, flame-retardtant vyakuwonjezera, flame -retandant yakupatulira vipangizo, PTC (mtengo wakutentha) vipangizo, kuphulika - mavalvu, ndondomeko zakulongozgera mabatire, na vinyake vya tekinoloje vyapangiska kuti paŵe chivikiliro chikuru chomene cha lithiamu{6}}}}}}} mabatire.
Umoyo wa nyengo yitali.Umoyo wa mzere wa lithium-), mabatire ghakujumpha 500 ghakujumpha 500. Umoyo wa mzere wa mabatire gha phosphate gha lithit phosphate kanandi ukuzungulira 2000–3000. Para ŵakuyana waka na ndondomeko ya vinthu vyakupangika na ŵanthu awo ŵali na nkhongono zakukwera (nga ni lithiamu titanate), mzere wakujumpha 10,000 ungakwaniskika. Ici cikupangiska kuti lithiamu iron phosphate mabatire ghasankhe makora comene pa ndondomeko ya kusungirako nkhongono na mabatire ghakuru gha ESS.
