Kasi LiFePO4 ni vichi mu mabatire gha lithiamu??
Mazgu ghakwamba gha Vinthu vya Phosphate ya Lithium Iron
Lithium iron phosphate (fosphate ya lithiamu, LFP, LFP, iyo yikumanyikwaso kuti lithiamu chisulo phosphate panji ferrous lithium phosphate) ni cathode iyo yikugwiriskirika nchito mu mabatire gha lithiamu -ion. Vinthu vyake ni vyakuti vilije vinthu vyakuzirwa nga ni cobalt panji nickel, mtengo wa vinthu vyakupangira vinthu ngwakucepa; ndipo carbon, lithium, na iron vikuŵa vinandi comene pa caru capasi, ivyo vingafiska ivyo msika ukukhumba pa msika wa matani ghakujumpha miliyoni yimoza pa cilimika. Nga ni chinthu cha cathode, lithium iron phosphate ili na magesi ghakugwira ntchito (3.2 V), nkhongono zapachanya (170 mA·h / g), nkhongono yakukwera, nkhongono ya kufumiska, nkhongono yakulipiliska mwaluŵiro, na umoyo utali, na kukhazikika makora mu high - temperature na high-}} kutentha kwa malo.
Lithiamu iron phosphate ni mtundu umoza wa mtundu wa olivine. Mu misasa, ndakuchemeka kuti trihylite, iyo yikufuma ku lizgu la Chigiriki la misisi na lylon. Mu ores, mtundu ungaŵa wa grey, wakufipa- brown grey, bulawuni, panji wakufipa, apo vinthu vyeneko ni vyakufipa panji vya grey-} black. Vinthu vinyake vyakupangika na mineral vyakupangika na migodi ya lithiamu phosphate, kweni grade ni yichoko ndipo yikufika yayi pa msinkhu wa kugwiriskira ncito. Lithium iron phosphat yikukhwaskana na chigaŵa cha phosphate cha phosphate, ndipo fomu yake ya kemiko ya vyose yikwenera kuŵa LiMO₄, apo M yingaŵa vitsulo vinyake vyakuthandazgika, kusazgapo Fe, Co, Mn, Ti, na vinyake. Chifukwa chakuti kampani yakwamba yakuguliska LiTO₄ yikapanga lithiamu iron phosphate, ŵanthu ŵazgoŵera kuchizga lithiamu chisulo phosphate nga ni cathode pera ya phosphate . vipangizo. Kweni, kwa vyakupangika ivyo vili na kapangikiro ka olivine, lithiamu iron phosphate ndiyo yekha yayi iyo yingagwiliskirika nchito nga ni cathode mu mabatire gha lithiamu-}ion. Kuyana na ivyo ŵasayansi ŵasanga sono, paliso LiMnPO₄, LiMnFePO₄, LiVPO₄, LiCoPO₄, na vinthu vinyake vinandi.
Kuyambika kwa lithiamu iron phosphate vinthu vingawoneka ku 1996, apo kampani ya ku Japan ya ku Japan NTT yikasanga dankha kuti AMPO₄ (A ni chitsulo cha alkali, M ni Co panji Fe) na kapangikiro ka olivine, mu kuphatikiza kwa LiFeCoPO₄, chingagwiliskirika ntchito nga ni lithiamu-}ion batri catode. Pamanyuma pake, likasangika na gulu la kafukufuku wa Goodenough ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology ku United States, apo likasambiranga vyakupangika, ivyo vikupangika na lithium iron phosphate vili na katundu wakusintha wa lithiamu-}on (Li+) kuphatikizga na kumanyikwa. Pa April 23, 1997, Yunivesite ya Texas ku Austin yikalemba patent ya mutu wakuti "Vinthu vyakupangika na mabatire gha lithiamu ghachiŵiri" (WO197010541), ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe kwamba kwa vinthu vyakupangika na lithiamu vya iron phosphate.
Kusindikizgika pa nyengo yimoza kwa olivine -strustd phosphate (LiMPO₄) vinthu vyakupangika na United States na Japan vikakopa ŵanthu ŵanandi, vikapangiska kuti paŵe kafukufuku wakukwana, ndipo mwaluŵiro wakapangiska kuti paŵe ndondomeko ya kupanga mafakitale. Kulinganizga na lithy ya lithy-ion cathode ya katobe yachiŵi ya batire - spinel-strustd lithium manganese oxide (LiMn₂T) na kuŵikika - tustructured lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂){6}}LiTO₄ ili na vinthu vinandi vyakutchipa ndiposo vyakupangira vyakutchipa. Makamaka, chivikiriro chasinthika chomene, chikuwuska chidwi chikuru kufuma ku ŵakusanda na mafakitale.
Kuyana na ivyo ŵasayansi ŵasanga mu vyaka vyasonosono apa, vinthu vya lithiamu phosphate vikuŵa na chisimi - crystallized kapangikiro ka olivine, ndipo lithiamu-ion nthowa zakuthandazgika zikupambana na za chikhaliro cha cathode cha chikhalidwe. Vinthu vyakupangika na cathode ivyo vikupangika na vigaŵa panji vigaŵa vyakuzungulira, kuzomerezga lithiamu ions kuti yiyendenge mwaluŵiro pakati pa vigaŵa panji mu nthowa zikuru, ntheura yikupereka vinthu ivyo vikugwira ntchito makora. Mwakupambana, lithium-}ion nthowa zakuthandazgika mu lithiamu iron phosphate ni chimoza -}yidimensional, kung'anamura kuti mukati mwa kristalo pali " tunnel" ya lithiamu-ion diffusion, ntheura lithiamu-ion kusamuka kukufupika ndipo mtunda wakuthandazgika ngwakufupi. Makamaka pasi pa msinkhu wapacanya-rate kufumiska, ma lithium gha mukati ghangasamukira ku malo ghanyake mu nyengo yake, ndipo ivi vikupangiska kuti paŵe kugaŵikana kukuru kwa electrochemical.
Mabatire ghangapangika mwakugwiliskira nchito vinthu vya lithiamu phosphate ya lithium kuti vikhozgere ivyo vili kulembeka pacanya apa. Kuyezgelera kwalongora kuti kugwiriskira ncito nkhongono za lithiamu iron phosphate vinthu ni vichoko comene, ndipo batire likukumana na nkhongono zaluŵiro zakuvunda pa nyengo ya njinga. Chithunzi 2.1 chikulongora umo lithiamu -}?" Tingawona kuti pamanyuma pa pafupifupi 15 charge-discharge rounds, nkhongono ya batire yavunda na vyakujumpha 20%. Ntheura, vinthu vya lithiamu vitsulo vya phosphate ni vyakwenelera yayi ku mabatire gha lithiamu-}ion.
Mu 2000, Hydro-Québec (H{{{{{-Q), Umo wa boma la Canada, ndiyo yikaŵa yakwamba kuŵika ma patent pa kuphimba lithium iron phosphate na vinthu vyakulongozga, kusazgapo kugwiriskira ncito carbon pa vinthu vya lithiamu iron phosphate. Ici cikapangiska kuti lithium iron phosphate yiŵe na nkhongono zakumanyikwa comene ndiposo kuti yiŵe na umoyo uwemi comene ku msinkhu wakujumpha 2000. Ici cikaŵa kwamba kwa ndondomeko ya mafakitale ya lithiamu cisulo phosphate nga ni cathode.
