Mukagwiriskira ncito waka ndalama pa magalimoto gha golf gha limitimity batire ghakulindilira kuti ghacimbirenge makora kuluska lead -acid. Pamanyuma ngolo yikufwa pakati pa round yinu. Panji kuti vizamuŵalipira yayi. Panji likuleka waka kwenda kwambura chifukwa.
Ici cikucitika comene kuluska umo mukughanaghanira. Msika wa lithium batire gutri ngolo ukafika pa $ 500 miliyoni mu 2025 (archivetretresearch.com), uwo ukung’anamura kuti magalimoto mamiliyoni ghanandi sono ghakuchimbira pa lithiamu. Ndipo ŵabwana mamiliyoni ghanandi ŵakukumana na masuzgo ghakuyana waka agho mukuchita.
Uthenga uwemi? Nkhani zinandi za lithium batire low gala zikufuma ku masuzgo ghankhondi na ghaŵiri. Mungakonkheska ŵanayi mwa iwo imwe mwekha pa mphindi 30. Buku ili likulongorani umo mungacitira.
Ivyo Vikupangiska Lithiamu Batala wa Makalati Wambura Kulingana .
Pambere mundambe masuzgo, mukwenera kumanya ivyo mukugwira navyo ntchito.
Mabatire gha Lithiamu ghakugwira ntchito mwakupambana na wakulongozga -}asid mabatire gha ngolo yinu yikwenera kuti yikiza nayo. Ŵakugwiriskira ncito Battery Management Service (BMS) iyo yikugwira nchito nga ni kompyuta ya batire linu. BMS iyi yikulaŵilira magesi, kusefa, na kuvikilira maselo kuti ghaleke kunanga.
Mabatire gha Lithiamu {0}pafupitali ghakakora 47.18% ya msika wa batire la golf guru mu 2024 (mordorintelligence.com). Kusintha uko kukachitika chifukwa lithithis yikupereka phindu la kulongozga -acid lingayana yayi.
Apa pali mabatire gha lithiamu ghakumupani:
Kulemera kukukhira na 55-70% pakuyaniska na lead-acid .
Umoyo wa mabatire ukufika pa 6,000 malipiro ghakukwera (thebatterytips.com)
Kulipira kukumalizga mu maora 2-4 m’malo mwa 8-10 .
Nkhongono zikukhala mwakuyana mpaka apo batire likufumiska chomene .
Kweni mabatire gha lithiamu nagho ghakupanga masuzgo ghaphya:
BMS yingajarapo nkhongono pakuchenjezga .
Nkhani zakukolerana kwa Voltage zikupangiska kuti madontho ghakuchitirako ntchito
Mabatire ghanandi gha 12V mu mndandanda uwu ghakufumapo pa msinkhu
Viŵiya kufuma ku mlongozgi wakale-acid setups vingaŵa kuti vikugwira ntchito yayi
Galimoto yinu ya golf yikapangika kuti yilongozgeke -asidi. Para mwasintha na kuŵa lithiamu, nyengo zose dongosolo la magesi likukolerana yayi. Mulongozgi wa galimoto wakulindilira kuti munthu waŵe na magesi ghamoza. Chaja chikukhazga kuti chiŵe chinyake. BMS yikuvikilira batire na vyakuŵikamo ivyo vingaŵa kuti vikususkana na ndondomeko ya ngolo yinu.
North America yikaŵa na msika wakujumpha 38% wa msika wa batire la golf mu 2022 (gminsights.com). Ŵanandi awo ŵali na nyumba iyi ŵakasintha kufuma ku mtundu wa -acid kuya ku lithium kwambura kupulikiska mphambano izi. Ndicho chifukwa chake ngolo zinandi zikumara na masuzgo ghankhondi ghakuyana waka.
Nthowa 1: Wonani ivyo Vikukolerana na Mabatire Ghanu Ghakwamba
Yambani pano nyengo yiliyose. Kulumikizana kwa loose kukupangiska 40% ya masuzgo ghose gha lithiamu golf gha golf.
Gwirani vipangizo ivi:
Wrench set
Bulashi wa waya
Mulitimeti
Mabizimu ya thonje
Viniga watuŵa
Apa pali ivyo mukwenera kuchita:
Zimani ngolo yinu. Fumiskani kiyi.
Julani chipinda cha batire. Wonani pa kulumikizga kulikose kwa terminal. Mukuwoneseska kuti vinthu vitatu:
Kuŵa na lusungu- Kukolera waya uliwose kulumikizgana na kuyezga kuwusunkhunya. Usange likusuntha, muŵakhozge. Kulumikizana kukwenera kuŵa kwakukhozga mwakukwana kuti muwusunthire na mawoko.
kuvunda- panji kuzenga kwakubiriŵira pa malo ghakuŵikamo magesi kukukanizga magesi. Muwufumiskiremo na burashi wa waya wa waya. Kuti muŵe ŵakujikuzga, ŵikani swab ya thonje mu viniga mutuŵa na kuseŵa malo agho ghakhwaskika.
Kunangika- Wonani waya kuti muparanye, kung'ambika, panji vimanyikwiro vya moto. Mawaya ghakunangika ghakukhumbikwira kusintha. Lekani kuyezga kuŵakhozga.
Gwiliskirani nchito multimeter yinu kuti muyezge magesi gha batire lililose. Mabatire gha golf gha golf ghakukhozgeka chomene ghakuŵazga pakati pa 12.6V na 13.2V pa 12V units (zichoko.com).
Ivyo kuŵazga kukung'anamura:
12.6-13.2V= Mabatire ghakukhozgeka na kuŵa na umoyo uwemi .
12.0-12.5V= Mabatire ghakukhumbikwira kulipira
Pansi pa 12.0V=Batiriyo yikafumiska panji kutondeka .
0V {{{{llit}} BMS kutchedwa panji batire lakufwa
Usange batire limoza likulongora 00 apo ŵanyake ŵakuŵazga mwakwenelera, mukasanga suzgo linu. Nkhongono ya BMS yikadumura kuti batire ili lileke kuŵapo.
Nthowa yachiŵiri: Yezgani ntchito yinu ya BMS yinu
BMS yikujara ngolo yinu kuti yivikilire batire. Kweni nyengo zinyake vikujara apo vikwenera yayi.
Galimoto ya Yamaha golf yikakumana na kunangika kwa ntchito - kusintha apo BMS kanandi yikadumura nkhongono pa nyengo ya kufulumizga. Nkhani iyi yikalondezgeka ku malo gha BMS ghambura kunyoza (vatrer power.com).
Vimanyikwiro vya BMS yinu vili na suzgo:
Cart wakuleka mwamabuchi pa nyengo yakugwiliskira ntchito
Battery wakulongora kuti wali na mulandu kweni wazamupeleka yayi nkhongono .
Cart wazamusunkhunyika yayi na kukhala usiku wose
Power wakudumura apo mukatimba accelerator .
Mo mungayesesa:
Tembenukirani pa ngolo yinu. Tinikani pa accelerator pachokopachoko. Usange ngolo yikusunkhunyika panji kuyima, BMS yikudumura nkhongono.
Wonani batani la BMS pa batire linu. Viyelezgero vinyake vili na chimoza. Tinikani na kuyikora kwa masekondi 10.
Lekani kulumikizga batire lose. Lindirani mphindi 5. Kulumikizaso. Ici cikupangiska kuti BMS yiŵeso pa ndondomeko zinandi.
Usange muli na mabatire ghanandi gha 12V mu mndandanda, yezgani waliyose payekha. Lumikizani batire limoza ku katundu wa 12V (nga ni babu la ungweru). Usange vikupereka nkhongono ku katundu wa mphindi zinandi kwambura kudumura, batire likugwira ntchito. Usange vikudumura pamanyuma pa masekondi, BMS yili na masuzgo.
Mapulogalamu ghanandi gha BMS ghakuŵikikaso paŵekha pamanyuma pa masekondi 30 (cartaholics.com). Usange yinu yikuchita yayi, mungakhumbikwira wovwiri wa ŵasambizgi panji kuŵika BMS.
Malo ghakumanyikwa gha BMS agho ghakupangiska masuzgo:
Kudumula kwa magesi kwapasi kukuŵikika pachanya chomene (kusefa mwaluŵiro chomene)
Over{0}} kuvikilirika kwa nyengo na nyengo kwakucepa comene (kudumura nkhongono pa nyengo ya kucimbizga)
Kuvikilirika kwa nyengo yitali (vigaŵa vyakulekeska ngolo mu kutentha kwakwenelera)
Wonani buku linu la mabatire kuti mumanye ivyo vikuchitika pa BMS. Ŵayaniskani na ivyo mukukhumba. Vinthu ivyo vikukolerana vikupangiska kuti BMS {{-kukhwaskana kuzima.
Nthowa yachitatu: Milimo ya kulinganiska Chigaŵa
Usange mukuchitiska mabatire gha 3x22V mu mndandanda kuti mupange 36V, muzamuŵa na masuzgo ghakuyana. Ni fumbo la usange. Ndiyo nyengo.
Para vikukhwaskana na kuŵika mabatire ghakulumikizgika, pali suzgo na LiFePO4. Para batire lakwamba layamba kuŵa na mulandu, BMS yake yizamuleka kulumikizgana ndipo mabatire ghanyake ghazamulipiliskaso yayi (cartaholics.com).
Apa pali ivyo vikuchitika:
Battery 1 milandu ku 100%. BMS yake yikudumura charging. Battery 2 yikukhala pa 95%. Battery 3 yikukhala pa 90%. Nyengo yinyake para mukugwiliskira ntchito ngolo, Battery 3 yikufumiska dankha. BMS yake yikudumura nkhongono zakuvikilira maselo. Galimo yinu yikuleka kwenda.
Mo mungakoliyani:
Lekani kulumikizga mabatire ghose ghatatu kufuma ku yumoza na munyake. Kulizga waliyose payekha pakugwiriskira ncito chaja cha 12V lithiamu. Munthu waliyose wafike pa 100%.
Gwiliskirani nchito multimeter yinu kuti mukhozgere batire lililose likuŵazga magesi ghakuyana waka. Wose ŵakwenera kulongora pakati pa 0.1V ya yumoza na munyake.
Ŵaŵalumikizaneso mu mndandanda para ŵaŵa ŵakuyana waka.
Nthowa yiwemi chomene kwa nyengo yitali:
Penjani 36V ku 12V converter pa vipangizo vyose vya 12V (manyani, nyanga, wayilesi). Ici cikupangiska kuti batire limoza lileke kufumamo mwakukolerana.
Panji sinthani ku batire limoza la 36V m’malo mwa mabatire ghatatu gha 12V. Ici cikuwuskapo nkhani zakuyana comene.
Usange mukwenera kulutilira kugwiliskira nchito mabatire ghanandi gha 12V:
Gulani chachar cha lithiamu cha multith methiamu. Iwo ukulipira batire lililose padera apo ŵakukolerana mu mndandanda. Ici cikuŵapangiska kuti ŵaŵe ŵakwenelera.
Wonani magesi gha magesi mwezi uliwose. Kubwezereska para batire lililose likupambana na 0.2V kufuma ku vinyake.
Nthowa 4: Masuzgo gha Mwaluŵiro
Galimoto yinu yizamuŵavya ndalama. Chaja chikuchimbira kweni mabatire ghakuzura yayi. Panji kulipira kukutora kaŵiri kwa nyengo yitali nga umo kukwenera kuŵira.
Wonani dankha chaji:
Woneseskani kuti muli na charger ya lith-specific. Lead-acici chargers kunanga mabatire gha lithiamu. Ŵakugwiriskira ncito mtundu wa magesi ghambura kwenelera ndipo ŵangapangiska kuti BMS yileke kujara.
Yezgani malo ghinu na kuyezga magesi. Mukukhumbikwira 110-120V yakukhora. Voltage yakulopwa yikusazgirako nyengo yakulipilira.
Wonani pa charger connector. Kuzima panji mapini ghakufwatuka kukukanizga kulumikizgana kwakwenelera.
Usange chaja chikuwoneseska:
Wonani ivyo vikuchitika para mwaŵika mu. Kasi ungweru wa charger ukuzgoka? Kasi vikukhala pa panji vikuwoneka yayi?
Kanandi ungweru wa blining kanandi ukung’anamura kuti BMS yizamuzomera yayi mulandu. Lekani kulumikizga batire. Lindirani mphindi 10. Yezgaso.
Wonani kutentha kwa batire. Mapulogalamu ghanandi gha BMS ghazamulipiliska yayi usange batire likutentha chomene (pamwamba pa 113℃F) panji kuzizima chomene (pasi pa 32℃F). Lekani chipinda cha batire cha kufika pa chipinda cha kufika.
Gwiliskirani nchito multimeter yinu kuti mupimire magesi pa nyengo ya charging. Likwenera kukwera mwakukhazikika. Usange yikukhala yakuphapha panji madontho, BMS yikutchinga mtengo.
Kwa mabatire agho ghazamuŵavya ndalama zakujumpha 80-90%:
Ivi vikuchitika para maselo ghamara. Selo lakwamba ilo likufika pa 100% likupangiska kuti BMS yileke kugwira ntchito. Maselo ghanyake ghakuzura yayi.
Mukukhumbikwira char char charge panji mauthenga gha maselo ghakuyana waka. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutora ivi kwa nkhwantha. Kweni usange muli ŵakufwatuka kujura chikwama cha batiri, mungaŵa na maselo ghakuyana na selo -} msinkhu.
Nthowa 5: Nkhongono ya Mahara Kutayika Kwa katundu
Galimo yinu yikwenda makora pa malo ghakuphapha. Kweni ni mapiri? Likucedwa kufika pa mzere. Panji vikuleka waka.
Pamanyuma pa kuŵika mabatire gha lithium, mweneko wakayowoya kuti wakaŵavya nkhongono zose ku mota. Kafukufuku wakalongora kuti kukolerana kwa waya kukakolerana yayi na ndondomeko yiphya ya mabatire (vatrerpower.com).
Ivi vikuchitika pa vifukwa vitatu:
Mulongozgi wa galimoto wakulindilira kuti walongozgeke- asidi ma curve gha magesi. Mabatire gha Lithium ghakupereka nkhongono mwakupambana. Mulongozgi wakudumura nkhongono chifukwa wakughanaghana kuti chinthu chinyake nchambura kwenelera.
BMS yikukanizga draw sonosono apa kuti yivikilire batire. Moto winu ukukhumbikwira ma amps ghanandi kuluska BMS yikuzomerezga. Power wakudumura.
Waya wakale wangakwaniska yayi kutumiza kwa lithiamu wa lithiamu. Mawaya ghakutenthemeska. Kulimbana kukusazgikira. Nkhongono zikukhira.
Mo mungayesesa:
Ŵikani multimeter yinu pa malo ghakuŵikamo mabatire. Drive ngolo pachanya pa phiri. Wonani kuŵazga kwa voltay.
Usange magesi ghakukhira pasi pa 11V pa batire la 12V, muli na suzgo. Mabatire ghawemi ghakwenera kuŵa pachanya pa 11.5V pasi pa katundu.
Wonani kutentha kwa waya para mwayendeska galimoto. Mawindo ghakwenera kujipulika kuti ghali ghakufunda, ghakotcha yayi. Mawaya ghakotcha ghakung’anamura geji yakukwana yayi ya nkhongono za lithiamu.
Yezgani vyakuŵikapo vya galimoto yinu. Ŵanyake awo ŵakulaŵilira ŵali na mphaka ya kusintha kwa nyengo yasono. Woneseskani kuti vyaŵikika mwakukwana kuti batire linu lileke kufumamo.
Nthowa:
Kusintha kwa waya wakulemera wa waya. 6-gage pa 36V systems. 4-gage kwa 48V.
Muŵikepo mulaŵiliri winu wa galimoto usange vingaŵa kuti vikugwira ntchito yayi na maprofayili gha magesi gha lithiamu. Penjani awo ŵakulaŵilira ŵakupimika mwakupambanapambana pa mabatire gha lithiamu.
Kukhozgera kuti batiri yinu yikulutilira kukura mwakuyana na umo galimoto yinu yikuchitira sonosono apa. Moto uwo ukukoka ma amps 200 ukukhumbikwira batire ilo likupimika kuti liŵe na ma amps ghakukwana 200 ghakulutilira.
Real-Kugwiriskira Ntchito: Masambiro gha nkhani
Nkhani 1: EZGO Uyo Wakafwa Pamanyuma pa 15 Miles .
Mweneko wakaŵika mabatire ghatatu gha 12V 100Ah lithium mu mndandanda. Cart wakachimbira chomene kwa myezi 6. Pamanyuma pake likamba kufwa pamanyuma pa mtunda wa mamailosi 15.
Suzgo: Mabatire ghakaŵa ghambura kulinganizgika. Batiri yimoza yikamara mwaluŵiro chifukwa vipangizo vya 12V vikapoka nkhongono kufuma ku batire ilo pera.
Kunozga: Kuŵika 36V ku 12V converter. Ŵakaŵikaso mabatire ghose ghatatu paŵekha kuti ŵaŵe ŵakuyana waka. Kuwonjezerapo kwa mwezi uliwose ku cheke cha ndondomeko ya kunozga.
Chifukwa: Khadi sono likuchimbira 25+ miles pa charge pa charge nyengo zose.
Nkhani 2: Katundu Yamakono Yiŵengepo yayi
Mweneko wakasintha na kuŵa litium na charger yakwamba -acid charger. Mabatire agho ghakaŵa na 80% ndipo ghakaleka.
Suzgo: Leadd-acid charger yikagwiliskira ntchito magesi ghambura kwenelera. BMS yikajara charces kuti yivikilire maselo.
Kunozga: Kugula litium-specific charger. Kuyana na magesi ghakulipira ku mabatire.
Chifukwa: Malipiro ghose mu maora ghatatu. Nkhani zakukhozgaso yayi.
Mlandu 3: Ngongole Yili Kutaya Nkhongono pa Hills
Cart wakasunkhunyika makora pa pasi. Tingakwera cha pa mapiri ngamanavi.
Suzgo: Waya wakwamba wakaŵa wa vigaŵa 10. Kuŵa wakulemera yayi kuti lithium yipelekeke sonosono apa. Kukhira kwa Voltage pasi pa katundu kukapangiska kuti BMS yileke kujara.
Kunozga: Kusintha makhebo ghose ghawemi ku 4-gauge. Kuŵika makontrakitala ghaphya gha galimoto ghakupimika kuti ghaŵe gha lithiamu.
Chifukwa: Kugwira ntchito makora kuluska kulongozga kwakwamba - asidi.
Nthowa zakutetezera Kuti Muchitenge Ntchito
Wonani vyakukolerana mwezi uliwose. Kukhozga chilichose icho chikafwatuka.
Balance mabatire ghanandi pa myezi 3 yiliyose. Lekani kulindilira masuzgo.
Sungani mabatire pakati pa 32℃F na 113℃F. Kutentha kwa Extreme kukupangiska kuti BMS yiŵe yakuvikilirika.
Lekani kuzomerezga kuti mabatire ghaleke kugwiliskirika nchito kwa myezi yinandi. Ŵalipike ku 50% kuti ŵasunge. Muŵe na mwezi uliwose pa myezi 3.
Gwiliskirani nchito lithiamu{0}}} pamoza ma charger. Lekani kugwiriskira ncito ma charge gha lead {RT}}}zidi pa mabatire gha lithiamu.
Pakuchema munthu uyo wakumanya ntchito ya kuŵa waluso .
Masuzgo ghanyake ghakukhumbikwira wovwiri wa ŵasayansi. Lekani kutaya nyengo usange mwawona:
Chikwama cha batire cha kutupa panji cha puffy .
Battery yikutentha pa nyengo ya kugwiriskira ncito kwakumanyikwa
Kukhweŵa panji kuwotcha kukununkhira pa batire
BMS iyo yizamuweleraso yayi pamanyuma pa kuyezgayezga kanandi waka
Maselo agho ghali na mphambano ya magesi ghakuru kuluska 0.5V .
Kuwonongeka kwa thupi panji terminals
Mafumbo Ghakuwongera
Kasi magalimoto gha lithiamu gha batire ghakukhala nyengo yitali wuli?
Mabatire gha Lithium ghakuchimbira 2,000-6,000 ghakulipira mwakuyana na mtundu na kugwiliskira ntchito. Pa mulandu unyake pa sabata, ndiko kuti vyaka 38-115. Mukuchita, vyaka vinandi vyakumasinda vya 8-15 pambere nkhongono zindafike pasi pa 80%.
Kasi ni mtengo wuli wose wa kusintha ku lithium?
Nthowa ya mabatire ya lithiamu yikupokera madola 1,200-3,500 gha magalimoto ghanandi gha golf. Sazgilanipo $ 200-400 pa chaja chakwenelera. Usange mukukhumba kusintha kwa controller, ŵikanipo $ 300-600 yinyake. Mtengo wose wa kutembenukira: $1,700- $ 4,500.
Kasi vikutora nyengo yitali wuli kuti viŵike magalimoto gha golf gha lithiamu?
2- maora kufuma ku kanthu yayi kuya ku kuzura na charger cha lithium chakwenelera. Mabatire gha Lead-acid ghakutora maora 8-10. Kulipira mwaluŵiro (1-2 maora) kukugwira ntchito kweni kukuchepeska umoyo wose wa batire.
Kasi ningagwiliskira nchito charger yane yakale na mabatire gha lithiamu?
Yayi. Ŵangananga mabatire gha lithiamu panji kuti ŵaleke kuŵika magesi ghose. Mukukhumbikwira lithium-specific charger iyo yikuyana na chemistry ya batiri yinu (LiFePO4 panji Li-}ion).
Chifukwa wuli ngolo yane yikuleka mwamabuchibuchi m’malo mwa kuchedweska?
Mabatire gha Lithiamu ghakusunga magesi mpaka ghaŵe pafupi kuŵa ghambura kanthu. Pamanyuma BMS yikudumura nkhongono mwamabuchibuchi kuti yivikilire maselo. Lead- mabatire ghakumara pachokopachoko. Mukwenera kulaŵiska pa mtengo uwo muli nawo pa mtengo uwo muli nawo na lithiamu.
Kasi nchivici ico cikupangiska kuti batire limoza lifwe mu multi- mabatire ghakuŵikika?
Kuseka kwasonosono kufuma ku vipangizo panji kulipiliska kusalinganiska . 12V vipangizo ivyo vikukolerana na batire limoza pera likufumiska mwaluŵiro. Chargers izo zikukolerana yayi na mabatire gha munthu payekha zikupangiska kuti magesi ghapambane pakujumpha kwa nyengo.
Kasi mabatire gha lithiamu ghakugwira ntchito mu nyengo yakuzizima?
Nthowa za BMS zikukanizga kulipira pasi pa 32℃F. Iwo ŵakuzomerezga kuti ŵafumemo kufika pa 0℃F kweni na kuchepa kwa nkhongono. Sungani mabatire pachanya pa kuzizima kuti muchitenge makora. Mabatire ghanyake ghapachanya ghakusazgapo vinthu vyakutenthemeska.
Kasi ningamanya wuli usange BMS yane yikatondeka?
Battery yizamulipira yayi panji kufumiskika nangauli magesi ghakwenelera. Palijeso ivyo vikugwira ntchito. Multimeter wakulongora magesi ghawemi kweni BMS yizamulumikiza yayi katundu. Kuwoneseska kwa thupi kukulongora kuti wanangika. Kutondeka kwa BMS nkhwakusoŵa kweni nkhwakukhumbikwa kuti munthu wasinthe.
Nthowa Zaumaliro Kuti Musunge Matenda Ghambura Kuchimbira
Sono mukumanya umo mungamazgira masuzgo ghankhondi agho ghakulekeska magalimoto ghanandi gha golf gha lithiamu.
Yambani na kulumikizgana. Ŵakupangiska masuzgo ghanandi kuluska chilichose.
Yezgani BMS yinu yakulondezgapo. Likuvikilira batire linu kweni nyengo zinyake likuvikilira.
Kulinganizga mabatire ghinu usange mukuchitiska mayuniti ghanandi mu mndandanda. Ŵazamukhala mwakuyana yayi paŵekha.
Kunozga masuzgo pambere mundananga mabatire ghinu. Ma chaja ghakukhota ghakunanga maselo gha litium.
Kusintha waya na ŵalaŵiliri pa nkhani za kutayika kwa nkhongono. Mabatire gha Lithiamu ghakukhumbikwira vinthu vyakupambanapambana kuluska kulongozga -acid.
Chitani macheke ghankhondi agha mwezi uliwose:
Kulimbana na kulumikizgana kose
Flini ya magesi
Kukhozgera ntchito zakulipira makora
Wonani nyengo yakutenthemera pa nyengo iyo mukugwiriskira nchito
Balance mabatire ghanandi usange nchakwenelera
Magalimoto ghinu gha lithiamu gha batire ghazamuŵa na vyaka 8-15 na kunozga vinthu vyakuzirwa. Kunozga uku kukutora mphindi 30 pa mwezi. Dinani ndipo muzamukhala maora ghanandi pakumazga masuzgo agho ghangaŵa kuti ghakanizgika.
Nkhani zinandi izo munganozga mwekha. Kweni mungasokonezga yayi na mabatire ghakunangika panji ndondomeko za BMS izo zatondeka. Awo ŵakukhumbikwira wovwiri wa ŵasambizgi.
