Kasi LiFePO4 ni vichi?

LiFePO4 ni tekinoloje ya mabatire yakuŵikikaso magesi mwakugwiliskira ntchito .lithiamu chisulo fosifetinga ni chinthu chake cha cathode. Chemistry iyi yikupereka chivikiliro chapadera, umoyo wa mzere ukujumpha 3,000 charges, na kukhazikika kwa kutentha uko mabatire gha lithiamu - ion ghangayana yayi.

Batiri ya lithiamu ya chisulo cha phosphate - iyo yikuchemeka kuti batire la LiFePO4 panji batire la LFP - ni mtundu wa batire la lithiamu - ion ilo likugwiriskira ntchito lityamu la chisulo cha phosphate (LiFePO4) nga ni chinthu chake cha cathode nga ni carbon ya anonode. Selo yiliyose yikupanga magesi ghakukwana 3.2V, ndipo maselo ghanayi ghakuŵikika mu mzere ghakupanga 12.8V iyo yikugwiriskirika nchito mu mapulogiramu ghanandi gha malonda.

Ivyo vikupangiska kuti mabatire gha lithiamu ghaŵe ghakupambana na mabatire ghanyake gha lithiamu nga ni NMC (nickel manganese cobalt) panji NCA (nickel cobalt aluminium) ni kuphatikizapo vinthu vitatu ivyo vikukhumbikwa chomene mu malo ghakukhumbikwa chomene: kukhazikika kwa kutentha, mtengo wa msinkhu wa umoyo wose.

Kapangidwe ka olivine crystal ka LiFePO4 kakupanga phosphate - oxygen bonds yankhongono chomene iyo yikukana kuvunda nanga ni para kuli kutentha chomene panji kuli na mtengo wakujumphizga. Pa malo agho maselo gha lithiamu ghakukhazikika pa cobalt- ghali pangozi ya kuthaŵa kwa kutentha pa nyengo yakutentha, maselo gha lithiamu iron phosphate ghakukhala ghambura kupwetekeka - ghakufumiska yayi mphepo kuti gharye moto. Ichi chikupangiska kuti LFP yiŵe kemiko yakutemwa chomene pa ntchito izo mabatire ghakugwira ntchito mu malo ghakujalirika panji ghakusuzga-ku-kufikako, kufuma ku vipinda vyakunyamulira vinthu na magalimoto gha migodi kufikira ku vipangizo vyakovwira pa ndege.

Pakuyowoya za nchito ya mzere, mapaketi gha mabatire gha lithiamu iron phosphate ghawemi ghakupereka nyengo zose 3,000 mpaka 5,000 ghakukwana -mzere wakufumiska uku ghakusunga 80% ya nkhongono zawo zakwambilira. Para maselo ghanyake ghakulaŵilirika, ghakujumpha 10,000. Pakuyaniska, mabatire gha NMC ghakukhozga 1,000 kufika pa 2,300, ndipo mabatire gha lead-asidi ghakukwaniska 300 kufika pa 500 pambere ghandasinthike. Kwa awo ŵakugwira ntchito pa ngalaŵa awo ŵakugwira ntchito zakusinthasintha chomene - apo mabatire ghakuzungulira zuŵa lililose panji kanandi waka pa zuŵa - mphambano iyi yikung’anamura kuti nyengo yakusinthira yikuchepa na kuchepeska nyengo yakuleka ntchito pa vyaka 10 vya umoyo wa vipangizo.

Vinthu ivyo vikugwiriskirika nchito mu mabatire gha lithiamu iron phosphate vikovwiraso kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵavizomerezge. Iron na phosphate ni vinyake mwa vinthu ivyo vikusangika mu charu chapasi, ndipo kuti vipangike, vikukhumbikwira cobalt panji nickel yayi. Ici cikuwuskapo viyezgo vya kupereka vinthu na vyakukhwaskana na nkharo yakukhwaskana na vitsulo ivi, uku vikusunga mitengo ya maselo - kuti yiŵe yakupikisana. Kufuma mu 2024, maselo gha LFP ghakusangika pafupifupi pa $ 56–70 pa kWh pa mlingo, ndipo ghakupangiska kuti ghaŵe ghakukwana chomene-lithium - ion chisankho cha mapaketi gha mabatire gha mafakitale ghakukwana -.

Pa vigaŵa vyose vyakugwira ntchito, galimoto za magesi, na vipangizo vya mafakitale, luso la mabatire gha lithiamu iron phosphate lafuma ku nthowa yinyake ya kemiko kuya ku chisankho chakukhazikika cha mapulogalamu agho ghakuŵika pakwamba kugomezgeka kwa ntchito kuluska nkhongono zinandi. Mabatire gha Polinovel gha LiFePO4 ghakupangika mwakuzingilizga kemiko iyi, ndipo ghakusazgako chivikiliro cha BMS chapachanya na maselo ghakusankhika chifukwa cha mapulofayilo ghakufumiskika na umo chilengiwa chikuŵira cha .ma forklift, magalimoto ghakufikapo, magalimoto gha golf, ma AGV, na vinyake vya malonda ..

Chigaŵa chakuzirwa cha mabatire gha LiFePO4 chili na vigaŵa vitatu vyakuzirwa ivyo vikugwira ntchito mwakukolerana na magesi. Cathode yikugwiriskira ncito lithiamu cisulo ca phosphate (LiFePO4), anode yikugwiriskira ncito carbon ya graphitic, ndipo ayoni ya lithiamu yikwenda pakati pa vipangizo ivi kwizira mu membrane yakupatura.

Ivyo vikupangiska kuti kemiko iyi yiŵe yakukondweska comene ni iron phosphate iyo yikupangika. Kukolerana kwakukhora kwa covalent mukati mwa (PO4)3− polyanion kukuchepeska kulumikizgana kwa covalent ku ions ya chisulo, kuchepeska nkhongono ya redox kuti yifiske nkhongono ya magesi ya 3.2V pa selo. Ici cikupambana na maselo gha lithiamu kobalt oxide pa 3.7V panji lithiamu nikel manganese kobalt oxide vyakupangika.

Pa nyengo yakuŵika magesi, ma ayoni gha lithiamu ghakufuma mu cathode ya phosphate ya chisulo kwizira mu electrolyte kuti ghanjire mu chigaŵa cha graphite anode. Para mwafumiska magesi mu batire mwa kulumikizga katundu, ma ayoni agha ghakusintha nthowa, ghakuwelera ku cathode apo ma electron ghakujumpha mu dera la kuwaro kuti ghapeleke nkhongono. Kutowa kwa nthowa iyi kuli mu kukhazikika kwake-kapangidwe ka olivine crystal ka LiFePO4 kakukumana na kusintha kwakucepa kwa voliyumu pa nyengo ya kwenda kwa ion uku, ndipo kukupangiska kuti paŵe umoyo utali wakuziziswa.

Kupambana pakati pa LiFePO4 na mabatire gha lithiamu-ion ghakumanyikwa kukujumpha pa malemba gha kemiko. Mabatire gha lithiamu ghakumanyikwa chomene ghakugwiriskira ntchito cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), manganese oxide (LiMn2O4), panji nickel nga ni vinthu vyakupangika na cathode. Ivi vikupereka nkhongono zinandi-kung'anamura nkhongono zinandi pa kilogalamu-kweni pa mtengo.

LiFePO4 wakuguliska pafupifupi 14% nkhongono zichoko waka kuti ŵaŵe na mikhaliro yiwemi chomene yakuvikilirika. Chitsulo cha phosphate chikukhalilira pa nyengo yakutentha apo maselo gha cobalt - ghakunjira mu thermal runaway. Nangauli batire la foni yamakono lingaphulika usange labowoleka panji kuŵikika chomene, kweni maselo gha LiFePO4 ghakulutilira kugomezgeka. Iwo ndiwo kwenikweni incombustible pasi pa nyengo zakumanyikwa zakutondeka.

Chemistry iyi yikuwuskaposo vinthu vyose viŵiri vya cobalt na nickel- ivyo vikupangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe na suzgo la chilengiwa ndiposo kuti ŵaŵe na suzgo la kupeleka vinthu. Iron na phosphates vikusangika mu charu chapasi, ndipo ivi vikupangiska kuti LiFePO4 yiŵe yakudura chomene kupanga. A2020 Dipatimenti ya Nkhongono kusandaŵakasanga kuti mabatire gha LiFePO4 ghakuguliska pafupifupi 6% pa kilowatt-ora kuluska nthowa zinyake za NMC, ndipo mphambano yikukura apo kupanga kukukwera.

Msika wa mabatire gha LiFePO4 pa charu chose ukafika pa $ 17.2 biliyoni mu 2024 ndipo ukuwoneka kuti ukukura pa 15.7% pa chiŵelengero cha chaka na chaka mpaka 2034, ndipo uzamufika pa $ 73.68 biliyoni. Ichi nchikukura chakughanaghana yayi-chikulongora kusintha kwakuzirwa mu umo mafakitale ghakughanaghanira vya kusunga nkhongono.

Tesla wakasintha mabatire ghake ghakugwiriskira ncito -scale ku LiFePO4 mu 2021. Kampani iyi sono yikugwiriskira ncito LFP chemistry mu magalimoto ghose gha Model 3 na Model Y agho ghakupangika pamanyuma pa October 2021. kemiko. Pamoza, makampani ghaŵiri agha ghakatumizga 68% ya mabatire ghose gha LFP mu msika wa EV kufuma mu Seputembala 2022, apo LFP yikapoka 31% ya msika wose wa mabatire gha galimoto za magesi.

Ŵanthu ŵa ku China awo ŵakupanga vinthu sono ŵakulamulira chomene pakupanga vinthu, ndipo ŵakulaŵilira pafupifupi 90% ya nkhongono zakupangira vinthu vya LFP pa charu chose. Kuŵika mtima uku kukufumira ku chivikiliro cha patent chakwambilira icho chikapangiska kuti chitukuko cha ku Manjiliro gha dazi chileke kukura, nangauli patent zikuru zikamba kumara mu 2022. Ford wakapharazga ndondomeko mu February 2023 kuti waŵike ndalama zakukwana madola 3.5 biliyoni mu fakitare ya ku Michigan iyo yikupanga mabatire gha LFP ghakupanga magalimoto ghake gha magesi.

Chigaŵa cha kusungirako nkhongono zakukhazikika chikulongora kuzomerezgeka kwakuziziswa mwakuyana waka. Makampani nga ni Enphase ghakambiska ndondomeko za LFP zakukhalamo ndipo ghakajumpha Tesla na LG nga ni mtundu wakusungirako nkhongono za pa nyumba uwo ukuyowoyeka chomene mu United States mu 2021.

LiFePO4

Batiri la LiFePO4 la mtundu uwemi likupereka pakati pa 3,000 na 5,000 charge cycles uku likusunga 80% ya nkhongono zake zakwambilira. Maselo ghapachanya nga ni agho ghali mu EcoFlow DELTA Pro ghakukwaniska kuzungulira 6,500 pambere ghandafike pa 50% nkhongono. Yezgelerani ivi na mabatire gha lithiamu-ion agho ghakukhozga maulendo 500 mpaka 1,000, panji mabatire gha lead-acid agho ghakugwira ntchito maulendo 300 mpaka 500 pera.

Ici cikung’anamura kusiyana kwakuwoneka kwakugwira nchito. Nthowa yakusungirako nkhongono za zuŵa iyo yikugwiriskira ncito mabatire gha LiFePO4 yingagwira nchito mwakugomezgeka kwa vilimika 10 panji 15 na kukhweŵa njinga zuŵa lililose. Kugwiriskira ncito kwakuyana waka na lithiamu-ion yakumanyikwa kungakhumbikwira kusinthika pamanyuma pa vilimika 3 panji 5, ndipo ndondomeko za asidi wa lead-kanandi zikukhumbikwira wovwiri mu vilimika viŵiri.

Mabatire ghakusunga magesi ghakuyana waka nyengo yose iyo ghakugwira ntchito. Kupambana na mabatire gha lead -acid agho ghakukumana na kugwa kwa magesi ghakuru apo ghakumara, maselo gha LiFePO4 ghakukhalilira pafupi na magesi ghawo ghakumanyikwa mpaka pafupifupi 90% ghakufumiskika. Kachitiro aka kakupangiska kuti vipangizo ivyo vyalumikizgika vipokere nkhongono zakukhora kwambura kusuzgika na malango gha magesi.

Kuzizipizga kwa kutentha kukufika pa -4 digiri F (-20 digiri ) kufika pa 140 digiri F (60 digiri ) kuti yigwirenge ntchito, nangauli kulipira kwakwenelera kukuchitika pakati pa 32 digiri F (0 digiri ) na 113 digiri F (45 digiri ). Mabatire gha lithiamu - ion ghakukhumbikwira 32℃F kufika pa 113℃F kuti ghagwirenge ntchito makora. Ici cikupangiska kuti LiFePO4 yiŵe yakukwana kuti yigwiriskike ncito mu nyengo zakuŵinya comene-kuŵika zuŵa mu vigaŵa vya mapopa panji ndondomeko za nkhongono zakusungamo mu vigaŵa vya sub-arctic.

Phosphate-based cathode structure yikupereka kukhazikika kwa kutentha na kwa kemikali uko kukusintha chomene nkhongono za chitetezo cha batire. Para mabatire gha lithiamu cobalt oxide ghakutentha chomene, mphepo ya oksijeni yikufuma mu kapangikiro ka cathode, ndipo yikupangiska kuti moto uŵe wakutentha chomene. Mabond ghakukhora gha P-O agho ghali mu lithiamu iron phosphate ghakukana kuvunda uku nanga ni para ghakutentha chomene.

Kuyezgeka kukulongora kuti uku kukhazikika. Kuboola panji kuphwanya selo la LiFePO4 ilo lili na magesi ghose kanandi kukupangiska kuti paŵe kuzungulira kwa mukati - na kupanga kutentha kweni moto panji kuphulika yayi. Kuyezgeka kwakuyana waka pa selo ya lithiamu cobalt oxide kanandi kukupangiska kuti moto uŵe wankhaza. Mphepete iyi yakuvikilirika yikuzomerezga .Mabatire gha LiFePO4 kuti ghagwirenge ntchito mu malo ghakujalirika nga ni mukati mwa RV, vipinda vya boti, panji magaraji ghakukhalamo ŵanthu kwambura kukhumbikwira mphepo yinandi-nangauli mphepo yikulutilira kuŵa yiwemi ku dongosolo lililose la mabatire.

Chemistry yikuzizipizga kulipira chomene kuluska nthowa zinyake. Nangauli kujumpha 3.6V pa selo pa nyengo yakulipilira kungapangiska kuti vinthu vinangike pachokopachoko, kweni nyengo yeneyiyo vikupangiska yayi kuti paŵe vinthu vyakofya. Ntheura ndondomeko zakulongozgera mabatire zingagwiliskira nchito nthowa zakuvikilira zambura kusuzga pakuyaniska na mabatire ghakupangika na cobalt- agho ghakukhumbikwira kuti ghalongozgeke makora.

Kulipira ndalama zapasi kukupangiska suzgo lakupambana. Kufumiska maselo gha LiFePO4 pasi pa 2.5V kungapangiska kuti paŵe deintercalation yambura kusintha, kusintha LiFePO4 kuŵa FePO4 na kunanga selo kwamuyirayira. Nthowa za mazuŵa ghano za BMS zikuleskera ivi mwa kudumura katundu pambere wandafike pa vigaŵa vyakuzirwa vya magesi, kweni vikulutilira kuŵa vyakuzirwa kugwiliskira nchito ma charger na ndondomeko zakulongozgera izo zili kupangika mwakupambanapambana za LiFePO4 chemistry m’malo mwa vipangizo vya lithiamu-ion vyakumanyikwa.

Magalimoto gha magesi ghakwimira pulogiramu ya LiFePO4 iyo yikuwoneka chomene. Chevrolet Spark EV yikaŵa galimoto yakwamba kupanga mwakugwiliskira ntchito mabatire gha LFP mu 2014, ndipo A123 Systems yikapeleka mapaketi. Mazuŵa ghano, ŵamalonda ŵanandi ŵakuzomerezga tekinoloje ya magalimoto gha magesi ghakunjira -level na pakati -range apo nkhongono zapasi zikuzomerezgeka chifukwa cha chivikiliro na phindu la mtengo.

Magalimoto gha golf na magalimoto ghakugwiriskira ntchitokugwiriskira ncito comene mabatire gha LiFePO4 nga ni vyakunjilirapo vya asidi. KaŵirikaŵiriBatiri ya lithiamu ayoni ya 72 voltdongosolo la ngolo ya golf likulemera pafupifupi kotala yimoza-ya banki ya batire la asidi lakuyana na lead-uku likupereka mtunda utaliko na kuchaja mwaluŵiro. Kusintha kwa 72V kanandi kuli na maselo 20 mpaka 23 gha LiFePO4 agho ghakulumikizgika mu mzere, kupereka magesi agho ghakukhumbikwa ku magalimoto gha magesi mu magalimoto gha golf, ma scooter, njinga zamoto, na vipangizo vya mafakitale vyambura kuŵinya.

Nthowa zakusungirako nkhongono za zuŵa zikovwira kuti LiFePO4 yiŵe na umoyo utali ndiposo kuti yiŵe na nyengo yinandi yakutenthemera. Mabatire agha ghakusunga makora magesi ghakujumphapo gha zuŵa pa nyengo iyo ghakupangika chomene kuti ghagwiliskirike ntchito para dazi lanjira panji para magesi yazima. Kulekelera kwawo kwa mtundu wa chigaŵa -wa -kulipira ntchito-kupambana na mabatire gha lead-acid agho ghakunangika para ghalije kulipira chomene-kukupangiska kuti ŵaŵe ŵawemi pa njinga za zuŵa na zuŵa mu mapulogalamu gha nkhongono zakuzgoŵezgeka.

Mapulogalamu gha mu nyanja na RV ghakusanga candulo na kuphatikizapo kwa LiFePO4 kwa kulemera kwakupepuka, kuvikilirika, na umoyo utali. Batiri ya 72V 180Ah yingapangiska kuti magesi ghaŵe na magesi ghakugwiliskira ntchito magesi, vipangizo vya magesi vya mu nyumba, na vipangizo vinyake apo yikuzizipizga kugwedezeka, kusinthasintha kwa nyengo, ndiposo nyengo zinyake kugwiliskira ntchito vinthu vyambura kwenelera ivyo vikuchitika mu malo agha. Kuchepeska kulemera kwake pakuyaniska na lead-acid systems kukupangiska kuti ngalaŵa yiŵe yiwemi ndiposo kuti mafuta ghaleke kuŵa ghawemi.

Mafakitale na malonda ghakuŵika LiFePO4 mu ma forklift, magalimoto ghakulongozgeka ghakujiyimira paŵekha, na ndondomeko za magesi ghakusungamo. Mabatire ghakufumiskika chomene ghakovwira nkhongono-vipangizo vya njara apo nkhongono zawo zakuchaja mwaluŵiro zikuchepeska nyengo yakuleka ntchito. Makampani ghakupharazgira ghakugwiriskira ncito mabatire gha LFP kuti ghaŵe na nkhongono zakusungirako maselo, ghakuŵika pa 10+ cilimika ca umoyo wakugwira nchito kuti ghacepeske ndalama zakunozga pakuŵika vinthu kutali.

LiFePO4

Mabatire gha LiFePO4 ghakukhumbikwirama charger ghakupangika mwakupambanapambana kuti ghaŵe na magesi. Nthowa yakulipilira yikulondezga nthowa ya vigaŵa viŵiri: magesi ghambura kusintha ndipo ghakulondezgeka na magesi ghambura kusintha. Pa nyengo ya nyengo zose, chaja chikupereka amperage yakukhazikika -kaŵirikaŵiri 0.5C kufika pa 1C, kung'anamura kuti hafu kuti yiŵe yakuyana na amp ya batiri -ora -mpaka maselo ghafike pafupifupi 3.6V yiliyose. Kwa dongosolo la 72V, ichi chikung'anamura kulipira mpaka apo magesi ya paketi yikufika pafupifupi 83-85V.

Para magesi ghakuyamwa ghafika pafupifupi pa 90% ya mtengo, chaja chikusintha ku magesi ghambura kusintha. Pachokopachoko magesi ghakuchepa apo maselo ghakuzura, ndipo charge yikumara para magesi ghakukhira kufika pa 5-10% ya nkhongono ya batire. Ici cikupambana na ndondomeko ya kulipira asidi ya lead - iyo yikugwiriskira ncito malipiro ghakuyana panji magesi ghakuyandama-nthowa izo zingananga maselo gha LiFePO4.

Kugwiriskira ncito charger ya lithiamu-ion iyo yikupangika kuti yiŵe ya maselo gha 4.2V pa mabatire gha LiFePO4 kukupangiska kuti magesi ghaŵe ghakukwana, cifukwa cakuti nkhongono ya magesi yikujumpha pa msinkhu wakuvikilirika wa kemiko ya iron phosphate. Mwakupambana, kugwiriskira ncito ma charger gha lead -acid kanandi ghakupangiska kuti mabatire gha LiFePO4 ghaŵe ghacoko ndipo ghangapangiska kuti charge yileke kuŵapo.

Kulaŵilira kutentha pa nyengo ya kulipira nkhani. Kulipira pasi pa kuzizima kungapangiska kuti lithiamu yiŵikike pa anode, ndipo ivi vikuchepeska nkhongono kwamuyirayira. Nthowa zinandi zakulongozgera mabatire ghawemi zikusazgapo vinthu vyakutenthemeska ivyo vikutenthemeska paketi kufika pa kutentha kwakukhozga pambere vindazomerezgeke kuti magesi ghayenderenge. Mwakuyana waka, kuŵika magesi pa nyengo yakuzizima kuluska 113℃F kukupangiska kuti vinthu vinangike mwaluŵiro.

Mtengo wakugula wakwamba ukuŵika mabatire gha LiFePO4 pa mtengo wapachanya pakuyaniska na nthowa zinyake za lead-asidi. Pack ya 72V 100Ah LiFePO4 yingaŵa na mtengo wa $ 2,000- 3,000, apo mabatire ghakuyana waka gha lead-asidi ghakugwira ntchito $ 600-1,000. Kupambana kwa mitengo uku kukukanizga ŵamalonda ŵanyake kulaŵiska pa mitengo ya pakwamba pera.

Kuŵerengera kukusintha chomene para mukupima mtengo pa mzere uliwose. Pa 3,000 mzere pafupifupi, LiFePO4 pack yikupereka nkhongono za $ 0.67 - 1.00 pa mzere. Mabatire gha lead-acid agho ghakulaŵilira maulendo 400 ghakuguliska madola 1.50-2.50 pa nyengo yiliyose.Pa umoyo wa batire, ndondomeko za LiFePO4 kanandi zikuguliska 30-50% pachoko kuluska kusintha mabatire gha lead-acid mwakuwerezgawerezga.

Vinthu vinyake vikupangiska kuti uwemi uwu uŵe ukuru. Mabatire gha LiFePO4 ghangafumiska 100% yakuya kwambura kunanga, apo mabatire gha lead-acid ghakwenera kufumiska waka 50% kuti ghalutilire kuŵa na umoyo wa msinkhu. Ici cikung’anamura kuti batire la 100Ah LiFePO4 likupereka nkhongono zakugwiriskira ncito zakuyana waka na batire la 200Ah lead-acid, ndipo likupangiska kuti mtengo uŵe wakunozga comene.

Ndalama zakunozga zikusoŵa na LiFePO4. Mabatire gha lead-asidi ghakukhumbikwira kusazgirako maji nyengo na nyengo, kutozga terminal, na kuŵika magesi ghakuyana waka. LiFePO4 ndondomeko zikugwira ntchito yakunozga-wambura kuwoneseska kulumikizgana kwakwamba. Mabatire nagho ghakujifumiska pafupifupi 2-3% pa mwezi pakuyaniska na 5-10% ya lead-acid, kung’anamura kuti mabatire ghakusungika ghakusunga nkhongono kwambura kulipira nyengo zose.

Kuchepeska kulemera kwa thupi kukupangiska kuti ndalama zisungike mwambura kumanyikwa mu mapulogiramu gha pa foni. Kusintha mapaundi 400 gha lead-acid mabatire na mapaundi 100 gha LiFePO4 kukupangiska kuti galimoto yiŵe yiwemi, yikupangiska kuti galimoto yiŵe na mtunda ukuru, ndiposo yikuchepeska vyakuvunda pa vigaŵa vyakuyimika. Pakugwiriskira ncito mu nyanja, kusunga kulemera kukupangiska kuti ngalaŵa yiŵe yiwemi ndiposo kuti yileke kugwiliskira nchito mafuta ghanandi.

Kuŵapo kwa cobalt, nickel, na vitsulo vyakuzirwa vya poizoni kukuŵika LiFePO4 nga ni kemiko ya mabatire iyo yikukhwaska chomene chilengiwa. Iron na phosphates vikupangiska kuti paŵe ngozi yichoko waka pa vyakumera apo vikufumiskika, kuvinozga, ndipo paumaliro vikuvigwiriskira ntchitoso. Mabatire agha ghalije mphepo panji asidi wakofya uyo wangafuma para ghakugwira ntchito panji para ghakutayika.

Nthowa zakugwiriskira ncito mabatire gha LiFePO4 ni zambura kusuzga comene kuluska nthowa zinyake izo zikupangika na cobalt-. Iron phosphate yingasangikaso na kugwiliskirikaso ntchito mu mabatire ghaphya, kupanga visulo, panji feteleza wa phosphate. Nangauli vyakupangira vinthu vyakuseŵezeskekaso vikulutilira kukura, mtengo wa vinthu ivyo vikupangika na vinthu ivyo vikupangika ndiposo ivyo vikukhumbikwa kuti vipangikeso mwambura kusuzga vikupangiska kuti kuseŵezeskekaso kwa LFP kuŵe kwakunozga pa nkhani ya chuma.

Umoyo wakutalikirapo wa ntchito ukuchepeska ivyo vikukhumbikwa pakupanga vinthu ndiposo ivyo vikukhwaska chilengiwa. Batiri yimoza ya LiFePO4 iyo yikugwira ntchito kwa vyaka 10-15 yikusintha batiri 3-5 ya lead-acid panji 2-3 ya lithium-ion yakumanyikwa. Kuchepeska uku kwa nyengo zakupangira vinthu kukuchepeska kufumamo kwa vinthu vyakupangira vinthu, kugwiliskira ntchito nkhongono, na kufumiska vyakunyamulira mu nyengo yose ya umoyo wa katundu.

Umaliro-wa-umoyo Mabatire gha LiFePO4 kanandi ghakusunga 70-80% ya nkhongono zakwambilira, ndipo ghakuŵa ghakwenelera kugwiliskira ntchito pa umoyo wachiŵiri. Mabatire gha galimoto agho ghakusinthika chifukwa cha kuchepeska mtunda ghangagwira ntchito makora pakusunga nkhongono zakukhazikika apo nkhongono zakukwana zikukhumbikwa chomene kuluska mtengo na kugomezgeka. Kugwiriskira ncito kwa cascading uku kukusazgirako candulo cose ca cilengiwa ca batire lililose ilo likupangika.

Kunozga kwa maselo kwakumanyikwa kukulondezga ndondomeko ya mafakitale. Maselo ghamoza ghakupereka 3.2V nominal voltage na nkhongono kufuma ku mayuniti ghachoko gha 3Ah gha magesi ghakunyamulika ku maselo ghakuru gha 300Ah ghakusungirako nkhongono. Kusintha kwa mndandanda wakumanyikwa kukusazgapo:

12V ndondomeko: 4 maselo mu mndandanda (12.8V zina)

24V ndondomeko: 8 maselo mu mndandanda (25.6V zina)

48V ndondomeko: 15 maselo mu mndandanda (48V zina)

Ndondomeko ya 72V: maselo 20-23 mu mndandanda (64V-73.6V zina)

Batiri ya 72 volt ya lithiamu ion iyo yikupangika na kemiko ya LiFePO4 kanandi yikugwiriskira ncito maselo 23 pa 3.2V yiliyose, ndipo yikupanga magesi ghakukwana 73.6V. Ici cikuluska pachoko waka 72V chimanyikwiro kweni chikukhala mu msinkhu wa magesi ya 72V-rated mota controllers na inverters. Kusintha kwake kukuyana na njinga za magesi, njinga zikuru za e-, magalimoto gha golf, na magalimoto ghachokoghachoko gha magesi agho ghakukhumbikwira nkhongono zinandi.

Viŵelengero vyakufumiska vikupambana kuyana na umo maselo ghakupangikira na umo ghakupangikira. Maselo ghanandi gha LiFePO4 ghakovwira 1C kulutilira kuseŵera, kung'anamura kuti ghangapeleka magesi ghakuyana na nkhongono zawo -batiri ya 100Ah yingapeleka 100 amps nyengo zose. Maselo ghakugwira ntchito ghapachanya-ghakupangika kuti ghagwiliskirike ntchito na vipangizo vya magesi panji magalimoto gha magesi ghakovwira pa 3C kufika pa 20C, nangauli nkhongono iyi yikwiza pa mtengo wakukwera.

Nkhongono zakukwana zikuyamba pa 90 Wh / kg ya LiFePO4 pakuyaniska na 150 Wh / kg ya mabatire gha NMC lithiamu. Density iyi yakucepa yikukhumba volume yikuru ya thupi panji unandi kuti nkhongono zisungike mwakuyana. Mu mapulogalamu apo kulemera na malo vikukhumbikwa chomene-aerospace, magalimoto gha magesi ghakugwira ntchito chomene-NMC chemistry kanandi yikuwina. Ku malo uko chivikiliro, umoyo utali, na mtengo vikukhumbikwa chomene, LiFePO4 ndiyo yikulamulira.

LiFePO4

Mabatire gha LiFePO4 kanandi ghakupereka 3,000 kufika pa 5,000 charge cycles uku ghakusunga 80% nkhongono, kuzgoŵezga ku 10 -15 vyaka mu mapulogalamu ghakugwiriskira ncito zuŵa na zuŵa -. Maselo ghapachanya ghangajumpha 6,500 mzere. Umoyo wa kalendara ukufika pa vyaka 10+ nangauli ukugwiriskirika nchito vichoko waka, pakuti kemiko yikujifumiska pachokopachoko ndipo yikunangika vichoko waka para yasungika pa charge yichoko waka.

Yayi. Kugwiriskira ncito charger yakubudika kukupangiska kuti charger yiŵe yakujumphizga, kupanga kutentha na kucepeska nkhongono kwamuyirayira. Nyengo zose gwiriskani ntchito ma charger agho ghapangika mwakupambanapambana kuti ghaŵe gha LiFePO4 chemistry panji ma charger ghakusinthika agho ghaŵikika pa mtundu wakwenelera wa magesi.

Chisulo cha phosphate chikukana kuvunda kwa kutentha na kufwatulika kwa mphepo iyo yikupangiska kuti kutentha kuchimbire mu mabatire gha cobalt-based. Mabond ghakukhora gha P-O ghakulutilira kuŵa ghakukhora para ghakutentha chomene, ndipo ghakukanizga kuti mabatire ghanyake gha lithiamu ghaŵe ghakofya para ghanangika panji ghakutenthema chomene. Maselo gha LiFePO4 ghakuwoneka kuti ghakuwotcha yayi para ghatondeka.

Mabatire gha LiFePO4 ghakugwira ntchito mu nyengo yakutentha kufuma pa -4℃F kufika pa 140℃F, nangauli nchito yikuchepa para nyengo yakutentha chomene. Kulipira pasi pa 32℃F kungapangiska kuti vinthu vipwetekeke kwamuyirayira kwizira mu kuŵika lithiamu. Nthowa zakulongozgera mabatire ghawemi zikusazgapo vinthu vyakutenthemeska kuti mabatire ghatenthemeske pambere ghandazomerezgeke kuti magesi ghaŵe na magesi mu nyengo zakuzizima. Nkhongono yakufumiska yikulutilira kuzomerezgeka mu nyengo yakuzizima, nangauli nkhongono izo zilipo zikuchepa kwa kanyengo.

LiFePO4 yikwimira nyengo yakukhwima mu tekinoloje ya mabatire ghakukhozga -kemistri iyo yikupeleka nkhongono zinyake kuti yiŵe yakuvikilirika makora, umoyo utali, na mtengo-kugwira ntchito. Tekinoloje iyi yajumpha pa kuzomerezgeka mwaluŵiro na kuŵikika mu mafakitale ghose uko mikhaliro iyi njakuzirwa chomene kuluska nkhongono yikuru pa kilogalamu.

Nthowa ya msika yikulongora kuti kusintha uku kuzamulutilira. Apo vinthu vyakupangika vikukura, ndalama zikukhira. Apo nyengo ya patent yikumara, makampani ghanandi ghakwamba kupanga vinthu. Apo mapulogiramu ghakulongora kuti ghakugwira ntchito mwakugomezgeka kwa vilimika vinandi panji vilimika vinandi, ŵanthu ŵakugomezga chomene tekinoloje iyi. Kwa waliyose uyo wakupima nthowa zakusungirako nkhongono-kwali wakuŵika nkhongono pa galimoto ya magesi, kusunga nkhongono za zuŵa, panji kusintha mabatire gha lead-acid mu vipangizo ivyo vilipo-LiFePO4 yikwenera kughanaghaniridwa chomene mwakuyana na umo yikukhazikiska pa nkhani ya chuma na kukwaniska.